Day18:
单次作业
keep a low profile 保持低姿态;低调
foreign policy 外交政策
first draft 初稿
subject matter 主题;题材;内容
deputy secretary of state 副国务卿
intended changes 新政
World Economic Forum(瑞士达沃斯)世界经济论坛
state of the nation国情(+address国情咨文)
numericalmnemonics数值助记符;易记数字短语
theChineseCommunistParty中国共产党
social institutions社会制度
special climate envoy 气候变化事务特别代表
the rule of law法治
multi-billion-dollar几十亿美元
internal affairs内部事务;内政
rule against否决
maritime claims海事请求;海事索赔
Belt and Road Initiative“一带一路”倡议
bend on下定决心做某事;增速;系住
multilateral commitment多边承诺
reserve currency储备货币
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank亚洲基础设施投资银行(亚投行)
the New Development Ban金砖国家新开发银行(金砖银行;新开发银行;BRICS)
anti-terrorist operations反恐行动
bureaucracy官僚主义
the Institute of World Development世界发展研究所
think-tank (尤指政府的)智囊团
lingua franca〔母语不同的人之间使用的〕通用语,交际语
Paris climate treaty巴黎气候协定
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities共同但有区别的责任
Greenpeace绿色和平组织
goitalone单干;独自过活
practical application实际应用
1.reassess [syn] reappraise
①to think about something again carefully in order to decide whether to change your opinion or judgment about it重新评价,再次评估
·This has caused us to reassess the way we approach our planning.这件事让我们重新审视了我们的规划方式。
2. reappraise [syn] reassess
①to examine something again in order to consider whether you should change it or your opinion of it重新评估,重新评价
·People began to reappraise their values.人们开始重新审视他们的价值观。
3.dash
①to go or run somewhere very quickly猛冲,急奔
·Olive dashed into the room, grabbed her bag, and ran out again.奥利芙冲进屋,抓起她的手提袋,又跑了出来。
②dash sb’s hopes
to disappoint someone by telling them that what they want is not possible 使某人的希望破灭,让某人失望
·Hopkins’ hopes were dashed when his appeal was denied.霍普金斯的上诉被拒后,他的希望破灭了。
4.box
①to put things in boxes把…装入箱[盒]内
·Help me box up the Christmas tree lights.帮我把圣诞彩灯装进盒子。
5.carapace
①a hard shell on the outside of some animals such as a crab or tortoise〔蟹或龟等的〕甲壳
6. painstaking
①very careful and thorough小心的;费尽心思的;精心的
·The work had been done with painstaking attention to detail.这项工作被一丝不苟地完成了。
7. admonition
①formala warning or expression of disapproval about someone’s behaviour警告,告诫;责备
→admonitoryadj.
·an admonitory glance责备的目光
8. assemble
①if you assemble a large number of people or things, or if they assemble, they are gathered together in one place, often for a particular purpose集合,聚集
·He looked around at the assembled company (= all the people who had come there ) .他环顾四周聚集的人群。
②to put all the parts of something together组装,装配
·The aircraft will continue to be assembled in France.飞机将继续在法国组装。
9.throng
①a large group of people in one place一大群人;人群
·She got lost in the throng.她在人群中迷路了。
·a throng of excited spectators一大群兴奋的观众
10.reject
①to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something拒绝接受[相信,赞同]
·His proposal was rejected outright (= completely rejected ) .他的建议被彻底否决了。
→reject sth as sth
·Gibson rejected the idea as‘absurd’.吉布森拒绝了这个想法,说它“荒谬”。
②to not choose someone for a job, course of study etc不接受;不雇用;不录取
·It’s obvious why his application was rejected.他申请被拒的原因很明显。
③to refuse to give someone any love or attention冷落,嫌弃,厌弃
·Children feel abandoned or rejected if they don’t see their
parents regularly.小孩子如果不能经常见到父母,就会感到被遗弃或冷落。
11.dwell on
①to think or talk for too long about something, especially something unpleasant老是想着[详述,唠叨]某事〔尤指令人不快之事〕
·That is not a subject I want to dwell on.那不是我愿意多谈的话题。
13. strikingly
①in a way that is very easy to notice惹人注目地,醒目地
→strikingly similar/different
·The two experiments produced strikingly different results.两个实验得出截然不同的结果。
②used to emphasize that someone or something is beautiful in a way that is easy to notice突出地,出众地
·one of the most strikingly attractive regions in Britain英国风景异常美丽的地区之一
14.hegemon
有至高无上权力的霸权主义者(或国家等)
15.Thucydidestrap
修昔底德:古希腊著名历史学家(约公元前460~约前400,古希腊历史学家)[亦作Thoukydides]
“修昔底德陷阱”,是指一个新崛起的大国必然要挑战现存大国,而现存大国也必然会回应这种威胁,这样战争变得不可避免——正如公元前5世纪希腊人和19世纪末德国人面临的情况一样。案例:古雅典与斯巴达;德国与世界大战;日本与侵略战争
正确认识“修昔底德陷阱”
16.befall
①if something unpleasant or dangerous befalls you, it happens to you〔不幸或危险〕降临到,发生在〔某人身上〕
·We prayed that no harm should befall them.我们祈求他们平安无事。
17.venture
①to go somewhere that could be dangerous冒风险〔去某处〕
·When darkness fell, he would venture out.天黑以后,他就会壮着胆子出去。
②to say or do something in an uncertain way because you are afraid it is wrong or will
seem stupid小心地说;谨慎地做
→ventureto do sth
·I ventured to ask him what he was writing.我小心翼翼地问他在写些什么。
→venturean opinion/question/word etc
·If we had more information, it would be easier to venture a firm opinion.如果我们有更多资料,就更容易大胆提出确定的意见了。
·Roy ventured a tentative smile.罗伊拘谨地笑了一笑。
→venture that
·I ventured that the experiment was not conclusive.我冒昧地认为试验的结果并不确定。
③nothing ventured, nothing gained
used to say that you cannot achieve anything unless you take risks不入虎穴,焉得虎子
18. responsible stakeholder
负责任的利益相关者
在新保守主义语境下,上台之初就改克林顿政府的“战略伙伴关系”表述为“战略竞争者”,这是想通过建构中国的“对手”身份,维护美国的霸权地位;9.11事件之后,为了集中精力打击恐怖主义,把中美关系定位为“坦率的建设性合作关系”,这意味着美国在反恐上希望获得中国的“建设性合作”,而对于中国关心的问题却“坦率地”予以忽视,在话语上就体现为建构中国在不同时期的形象,用美国的霸权话语判断中国的发展;在布什总统的第二任期里,在国际上需要获得中国支持,在国内又面临“中国威胁论”,在这种语境下,把中国的定位表述为“负责任的利益相关者”,这个意义含混的表述纾解了布什的困境。
19.China model OR Beijing consensus
中国模式OR北京共识
“中国模式”是以公有制为主体,多种所有制共存的经济模式为基础,实行双调控模式即国家调节为主导,市场调节为基础的双重调节模式。按照市场经济条件下的按劳分配为主体,多种分配方式并存的,在全球化的背景下不断努力探索出来的一种成功的发展模式。
内在规定:独立自主;改革创新;实践本位;以人为本;和而不同
20. so-called
①used to describe someone or something that has been given a name that you think is wrong 所谓的
·The so-called experts couldn’t tell us what was wrong.那些所谓的专家说不出问题出在哪里。
②used to show that something or someone is usually called a particular name号称…的,被称为…的
·the health threats posed by so-called‘mad cow disease’所谓的“疯牛病”对健康构成的威胁
21.prescription
①a particular medicine or treatment ordered by a doctor for a sick person〔医生开的〕处方药;治疗方法
·If you’re pregnant, you can get free prescriptions.要是怀孕的话可以获得免费的处方药。
②an idea or suggestion about how you should behave, or how to make a situation, activity etc successful解决方法,诀窍
·The party’s main prescriptionforeducational problems was togive schools more money.该政党解决教育问题的主要方法是给学校提供更多资金。
22.one-size-fits-all
one-size-fits-allWashingtonconsensus放之四海皆准的华盛顿共识(以新自由主义Neoliberalism学说为理论依据)
①a one-size-fits-all attitude, method, plan etc is designed to please everyone or be suitable for every situation, often with the result that it is not successful〔态度、方法、计划等〕为满足所有的人[情况]而设计的〔往往效果不佳〕
·a one-size-fits-all public education program一刀切的公共教育计划
②one-size-fits-all clothes are designed so that people of any size can wear them〔服装的设计〕适合所有人穿的,通用尺寸的
23.subltle
①not easy to notice or understand unless you pay careful attention难以察觉[理解]的;微妙的,细微的
·a subtle form of racism隐性的种族歧视
·The dish had a subtle hint of ginger.这道菜微微带点姜的味道。
→subtle taste/flavour/smell etc
·The flavour of the dried berries is more subtle.浆果干的味道要淡一些。
②behaving in a skilful and clever way, especially using indirect methods or language to hide what you are trying to do含蓄的,隐晦的
·I think we need a more subtle approach.我认为我们需要采用一种更含蓄的方式。
③very clever in noticing and understanding things敏感的,敏锐的;有辨识力的
·a subtle mind敏锐的头脑
24.amplify
①to make sound louder, especially musical sound放大〔声音,尤指音乐声〕
·an amplified guitar带有扩音设备的电吉他
②formal to increase the effects or strength of something增强
·These stories only amplified her fears.这些故事徒增了她的恐惧感。
③formal to explain something that you have said by giving more information about it详述,(进一步)阐述
·Would you care to amplify that remark?请你把那句话解释一下好吗?
25. flesh sth out
①to add more details to something in order to make it clear, more interesting etc使充实,使具体
·You need to flesh out your argument with a few more examples.你需要再举几个例子来充实你的论点。
26.realm
①a general area of knowledge, activity, or thought〔知识、活动、思想的〕领域,范围
·the spiritual realm精神领域
→in the realm of在…领域之内
·an idea that belongs in the realm of science fiction属于科幻小说领域的构思
②within the realms of possibility used, often humorously, to say that something is possible even though you think it is not very likely可能的,在可能的范围内〔常为幽默用法〕
·I suppose it’s not beyond the realms of possibility.我认为这并非没有可能。
27. wont
①as is sb’s wont
used to say that it is someone’s habit to do something就像某人惯常那样
·He spoke for too long, as is his wont.他像平常一样讲了太长的时间。
②[adj.] be wont to do sth to be likely to do something惯于做某事
28.distill
① to make a liquid such as water or alcohol more pure by heating it so that it becomes a gas and then letting it cool. Drinks such as whisky are made this way.蒸馏
·distilled water蒸馏水
②to get the main ideas or facts from a much larger amount of information〔从大量的信息中〕提取,提炼
→distill sth into sth
·The notes I had brought back were waiting to be distilled into a book.我带回来的笔记尚待整理成书。
29. mnemonic
助记符是便于人们记忆、并能描述指令功能和指令操作数的符号,助记符是表明指令功能的英语单词或其缩写。
30.remark [syn] comment
①something that you say when you express an opinion or say what you have noticed言论;意见,评论
`Unfortunately, a local journalist overheard the remark.不巧一名当地记者无意中听到了这些话。
②remarks
[plural] the things you say in a formal speech 〔正式演讲时的〕言论
→introductory/opening/concluding remarks
·the chairman’s introductory remarks主席的开场白
→in sb’s remarks
·Caldwell, in his remarks, emphasized the need for cooperation.考德威尔发言时强调了合作的必要性。
31. assert
①to state firmly that something is true(坚决)主张;断言
·French cooking, she asserted, is the best in the world.她坚称法国菜是世界上最好的。
→assert that
·He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.他断言核能是安全、无污染的能源。
②assert your rights/independence/superiority etc to state very strongly your right to something坚持自己的权利/独立/优越性等
·Native Americans asserting their rights to ancestral land坚持祖先的土地归自己所有的印第安人
③assert yourself
to behave in a determined way and say clearly what you think积极表达自己的意见
·Women began to assert themselves politically.女性也开始积极提出自己的政治主张。
④assert itself
if an idea or belief asserts itself, it begins to influence something〔观念、信念〕产生影响
·National pride began to assert itself.民族自豪感开始产生影响。
32.China solution
中国方案
此次习近平在这个场合提到“中国方案”,表现了当下的中国有意愿、有能力更多地参与到国际社会事务中去,以中国智慧为国际社会体系贡献力量。同时,“中国方案”的提出,也是对中国外交提出了新要求。在演讲中,习近平表示,中国愿以开放包容心态加强同外界对话和沟通,“我们将从世界和平与发展的大义出发,贡献处理当代国际关系的中国智慧,贡献完善全球治理的中国方案,为人类社会应对21世纪的各种挑战作出自己的贡献。”
33.rendering
①someone’s performance of a play, piece of music etc表演;演奏
·a spirited rendering of the national anthem富有激情的国歌演奏
②the way an expression, piece of writing etc is translated or explained, or the way an event, situation etc is described翻译;描述
→accurate/literal etc rendering of sth
·a faithful rendering of historical events对历史事件的忠实描述
34.mouthpiece
①a person, newspaper etc that expresses the opinions of a government or a political organization〔政府或政治组织的〕代言人,喉舌,传声筒
·The newspaper was the mouthpiece of the National Democratic Party.该报是国家民主党的喉舌。
35.bolster [syn]boost
①to help someone to feel better and more positive 增强;激励
·He is making a bold attempt to bolster the territory’s confidence.他正在采取大胆行动以提振辖区信心。
②to improve something改进
·his efforts to bolster his career他为发展事业所付出的努力
36.weekly
①a magazine that appears once a week周刊
·a popular news weekly受欢迎的新闻周刊
37. instability
①when a situation is not certain because there is the possibility of sudden change〔形势的〕不稳定
·the instability of the market市场的变化无常
②mental problems that are likely to cause sudden changes of behaviour〔可能导致行为突然改变的〕精神不稳定
·nervous instability神经错乱
38. academic
①An academic is a member of a university or college who teaches or does research.学者
39. wary
①someone who is wary is careful because they think something might be dangerous or harmful小心翼翼的,谨慎的;提防的
·Keep a wary eye on the weather before you set sail.出航前要密切注意天气。
→be wary of (doing) sth
·I’m a bit wary of driving in this fog.我有点害怕在这样的雾天开车。
·We must teach children to be wary of strangers.我们一定要教育孩子警惕陌生人。
40. lay down the law
to tell other people what to do, how they should think etc, in a very strong or impolite way 〔用强硬或粗鲁的方式〕发号施令
·I could hear him laying down the law.我听到他在发号施令。
41.broach
①broach the subject/question/matter etc to mention a subject that may be embarrassing or unpleasant or cause an argument 提及〔可能令人尴尬、不快或引起争论的〕话题/问题/事情等
·I broached the subject of his past.我提起了他的过去。
42.boss
①to tell people to do things, give them orders etc, especially when you have no authority to do it 对…发号施令,指挥〔尤指无权这样做时〕
→boss sb about,boss sb around
·Five-year-old girls love to boss people around.五岁的女孩就爱支使别人。
43. sovereignty
①complete freedom and power to govern主权,最高统治权,最高权威
·the sovereignty of Parliament议会至高无上的权威
·Spain’s claim of sovereigntyoverthe territory西班牙对这块领地的主权要求
②the power that an independent country has to govern itself〔国家的〕主权,独立主权
·the defence of our national sovereignty保卫我国的独立主权
44. promptly [syn]on time
①at the right time without being late准时地,守时地
·She arrived promptly.她准时到了。
②without delay迅速地;立即
·A reply came very promptly.马上就有了答复。
45. implicit
①suggested or understood without being stated directly含蓄的,未言明的
→implicit criticism/threat/assumption
·Her words contained an implicit threat.她话里暗含威胁。
②formal forming a central part of something, but without being openly stated隐含其中的;内含的
·Confidentiality is implicit in your relationship with a counselor.在你与顾问的关系中,保守秘密是不言而喻的。
③complete and containing no doubts 完全的,毫无疑问的
→implicit faith/trust/belief
·They had implicit faith in his powers.他们绝对相信他的能力。
46.disavow
①to say that you are not responsible for something, that you do not know about it, or that you are not involved with it否认,拒绝对…承担责任
47.eschew
①to deliberately avoid doing or using something〔有意地〕回避,避开
·I had eschewed politics in favour of a life practising law.我选择从事律师职业,有意避开了政治。
48. overlap
①if two or more things overlap, part of one thing covers part of another thing与〔某物〕部分重叠,交搭,叠盖
·One of Jilly’s front teeth overlaps the other.吉里的一颗门牙与另一颗有些交叠。
②if two subjects, ideas etc overlap, they include some but not all of the same things 〔两种学科、观念等〕部分交叉
·two great men with overlapping interests两位兴趣有共同之处的伟人
49. notable
①important, interesting, excellent, or unusual enough to be noticed or mentioned显要的;显著的;值得注意的
·Every country in the world signed the treaty, with one notable exception - the United States.全世界每个国家都签署了那份条约,只有一个国家反其道而行之,就是美国。
→notable feature/example
·A notable feature of the church is its unusual bell tower.这座教堂的一个特别之处就是它那座与众不同的钟楼。
50.scheme
①an official plan that is intended to help people in some way, for example by providing education or training〔造福他人的〕计划,规划,方案
·pilot scheme (=something that is done on a small scale in order to see if it is successful enough to be done on a larger scale)试验性计划
②a clever plan, especially to do something that is bad or illegal – used in order to show disapproval阴谋,诡计〔含贬义〕
·a get-rich-quick scheme快速致富的手段
52.come within a whisker of (doing) sth
①to almost succeed or fail at doing something险些(做)某事;差点儿;险些
·Doctors say he came within a whisker of dying on the operating table.医生们说他险些死在手术台上。
53.overtake
①to develop or increase more quickly than someone or something else and become more successful, more important, or more advanced than them〔发展或增长〕超越,超过
·Television soon overtook the cinema as the most popular form of entertainment.电视很快就超过了电影,成为最大众化的娱乐方式。
54.convene
①if a group of people convene, or someone convenes them, they come together, especially for a formal meeting聚集,集合;召开〔正式会议〕
•a report by experts convened by the National Institutes of Health由全国健康协会召集的专家提出的一份报告
55. transatlantic
transatlantic trade跨大西洋贸易
①crossing the Atlantic Ocean横跨大西洋的
·transatlantic flights飞越大西洋的航班
②involving countries on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean大西洋两岸国家的
·a transatlantic agreement大西洋两岸国家的一项协定
③on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean大西洋彼岸的
·one of America’s transatlantic military bases美国在大西洋彼岸的一个军事基地
56. turn your back (on sb/sth)
①to refuse to help, support, or be involved with someone or something对(某人/某事)置之不理,对(某人/某事)撒手不管
·How can you turn your back on your own mother?你怎么可以对自己的母亲不闻不问呢?
②to return to doing something in the way it was done before重新开始〔做某事〕;回归于
·The people are turning back to natural resources to survive.人们又在回归于依靠自然资源生存。
57. revisionist
①If you describe a person or their views as revisionist, you mean that they reject traditionally held beliefs about a particular historical event or events. (对历史事件)持修正主义论的
•...the revisionistinterpretation of the French Revolution.
...对法国大革命的修正性解释。
②A revisionist is a person who has revisionist views.修正主义者
•The reputation of thenavigator is under assault from historical revisionists.这位航海家的名誉受到了历史修正主义者的攻击。
③If a socialist describes another socialist's actions or opinions as revisionist, they mean that they are unacceptable because they are more moderate than normal Marxist theory allows. (社会主义者的行动或观点)修正主义的
·This revisionist thesis departs even further from Marxist assertions. 这篇修正主义的论文更加偏离了马克思主义的主张。
※修正主义,是在共产主义运动之中歪曲、篡改、否定马克思主义的一类资产阶级思潮和政治势力,是国际工人运动中打着马克思主义旗号反对马克思主义的机会主义思潮。典型代表为苏联的赫鲁晓夫-勃列日涅夫集团和戈尔巴乔夫-叶利钦集团
58. overthrow [syn] oust
①to remove a leader or government from power, especially by force 〔尤指用武力〕颠覆,推翻〔某领导或政府〕
·Rebels were already making plans to overthrow the government.反叛者已在密谋颠覆政府。
59.usurper
①A usurper is someone who takes another person's title or position when they have no right to.篡位者
60. comply
①to do what you have to do or are asked to do服从,遵守
·Failure to comply with the regulations will result inprosecution.违反规定者将被起诉。
61.dominate
①to control someone or something or to have more importance than other people or things 支配,控制,主宰
·The industry is dominated by five multinational companies.这个行业受五家跨国公司控制。
②to be larger and more noticeable than anything else in a place耸立于,比…高,俯视
·The cathedral dominates the city.大教堂俯视全城。
62.constraint
①something that limits your freedom to do what you want限制,束缚,约束
·the constraints of family life家庭生活的约束
→impose/place constraints on sb/sth
·constraints imposed on teachers by large class sizes班级人数多给教师带来的限制
63.unassuming [syn] modest
①showing no desire to be noticed or given special treatment不张扬的;谦逊的,不摆架子的
64. assertiveness
魄力;自信
65. template
①a thin sheet of plastic or metal in a special shape or pattern, used to help cut other materials in a similar shape〔切割材料时用的塑料或金属〕模板,型板,样板
②written something that is used as a model for another thing样板,标准
·Her childhood became a template for how she brought up herown children.她的童年生活成了她抚育自己孩子的样板。
66. incorporate
①to include something as part of a group, system, plan etc把〔某事物〕并入;包含
→incorporate sth into/in sth
·We’ve incorporated many environmentally friendly features into the design of the building.我们在这座建筑的设计中加进了许多环保元素。
67.clout
①power or the authority to influence other people’s decisions〔影响他人决定的〕力量;权势
·An official protest could carry considerable clout .正式的抗议可能具有相当大的影响力。
→political/economic etc clout
·people with financial clout有经济实力的人
68. dismantle
①to take a machine or piece of equipment apart so that it is in separate pieces拆开,拆卸〔机器或设备〕
·Chris dismantled the bike in five minutes.克里斯五分钟内就把自行车拆掉了。
②to gradually get rid of a system or organization〔逐渐地〕废除〔某种制度或组织〕
·an election promise to dismantle the existing tax legislation将废除现有税收法规的竞选承诺
69. qualm
①a feeling of slight worry or doubt because you are not sure that what you are doing is right
疑虑,不安,担忧
·Despite my qualms, I took the job.尽管有些疑虑,我还是接受了那份工作。
Day 19:
逻辑导图+神句翻译

给出下列名词英文解释(如有约定俗成的对应中文,请一并列出):
1.Keep a low profile, never take the lead, and make a difference保持低调,不做领头羊,创造不同。
笃师译:韬光养晦、决不当头、有所作为.
邓小平1992年提出韬光养晦有所作为的外交战略,这里翻译较为贴切,用了keep low profile意指保持低调。而最早的官方译本都是hide our capabilities and bide our time意思就是掩盖自己的能力,等待时机东山再起,极易引起误解。此后,国外还有一些英文书籍或者是文章,进一步翻译成隐藏能力假装弱小,或者叫做隐藏真实目的,或者是隐藏野心收集爪子等等。其潜台词无外乎就是说,“韬光养晦”是中国在特定的内外形势下,所采取的一种权宜之际,是在隐蔽自己的真实意图等待时机成熟再出手。事实上,韬光养晦的核心含义是:要紧紧抓住经济建设这条主线,埋头苦干发展自己。只有发展自己才能够解决很多的问题。‘韬光养晦’目的就是我们要立足于自身的发展和壮大,才能在国际事务中发挥更大的、积极建设性作用。
关于韬光养晦和有所作为这个中国当年邓小平提出的外交方面的一个指导思想,两者间并不是对立的,不是非此即彼的,而是像中国的易经所讲的,是阴和阳不可分离的,并且阴中有阳,阳中有阴,在相互在一定条件可以转化的,这是一个战略哲学的问题,并不存在要么韬光养晦,要么有所作为问题,在韬光养晦的时候,我们要坚持原则并且不断的有所进取,在我们有所作为的时候也要注意量力而行,不说过头话,不做过头事,坚持我们的主权立场。
2.Thucydides Trap:修昔底德陷阱
3.Washington consensus:华盛顿共识
1989年,陷于债务危机的拉美国家急需进行国内经济改革。美国国际经济研究所邀请国际货币基金组织、世界银行、美洲开发银行和美国财政部的研究人员,以及拉美国家代表在华盛顿召开了一个研讨会,旨在为拉美国家经济改革提供方案和对策。美国国际经济研究所的约翰·威廉姆森(John Williamson)对拉美国家的国内经济改革提出了已与上述各机栄达成共识的10条政策措施,称作华盛顿共识。,“华盛顿共识”的教条是“主张政府的角色最小化、快速私有化和自由化。Subsequentto Williamson's use of the terminology, and despite his emphatic opposition,the phrase Washington Consensus has come to be used fairly widely in a second,broader sense, to refer to a more general orientation towards astrongly market-based approach(sometimes described asmarket fundamentalismorneoliberalism).
4.State-of-the-nation speech:国情演讲
笃师译:国情咨文
另一种说法是state-of-the-union address国情咨文,不仅是美国,俄罗斯、菲律宾等实行总统制的国家,也都把总统向国会发表的年度报告称为“国情咨文”。美国政府的施政纲领,主要阐明美国总统每年面临的国内外情况,以及政府将要采取的政策措施。按照美国惯例,每年年初,现任总统都要在国会做年度报告,阐述政府的施政方针,被称为“国情咨文”。类似于我国的“政府工作报告”也就是文中提到的Work Report.
5.Not interfering in other countries’ internal affairs:不干涉他国内政
6. Common and differentiated responsibilities:共同的但是又有差别的责任
“共同但有区别的责任”发端于上世纪70年代初。1972年斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议宣示,保护环境是全人类的“共同责任”;同时指出,发展中国家的环境问题“在很大程度上是发展不足造成的”。这已是“共同但有区别的责任”的雏形。
从上世纪80年代末起,“共同但有区别的责任”逐渐成为国际谈判中的一项规范用语。1997年,《京都议定书》第十条确认了这一原则,并以法律形式予以明确、细化。它规定发达国家应承担的减少温室气体排放(“减排”)的量化义务,而没有严格规定发展中国家应当承担的义务。这是这条原则的具体体现。
神祠组:
1.Go viral:像病毒般扩散
2.Marks a change:标志着变化 转变
3.Be wary of sth:提防 谨防,警觉
4.Boss others around:对他人颐指气使
另有相关形容词bossy:专横好指使人,Her loud bossy sister爱管人的大嗓门姐姐
5.Step up its multilateral commitments:增强它的多边承诺 增进
6.Model on:模仿;效仿
To form, develop, or found something on the basis of something else:
The architect modeled the plans for the newschool on a beautiful old building.
I will model my house on thehouse we saw in the Mediterranean.
She tried to model herself on her mother.
7.Be resistant to:对....有抵抗力的;耐....的
8.One-size-fits-all approach:一刀切的方法
一刀切的方式,为满足所有人的情况而涉及的(往往效果不佳)
A one-size-fits-all public education program一刀切的公共教育计划
神句:
1.The signals are amplified bysimilar ones further down the system and fleshed out bycontrolled
discussions in state-owned media.
随着体系进一步增强,信号也会加深,国有媒体也会在有限的讨论中进一步详述。
笃师译:体系内进一步类似的信号会增强先前的,国有媒体谨慎的报道则将这些信号具体化。
2. China is are visionist power, wanting toexpand influence within the system. It is neither are volutionary power bent on overthrowing things, nor a usurper,intent on grabbing global control.
中国是修正主义国家,想要在体制内扩大影响力。他既不是决心推翻一切的革命者,也不是致力于夺走全球控制权的簒夺者。
笃师译:中国是一股修正主义的力量,试图在机制内扩大影响力。他既非推翻一切的革命主义力量,也非夺取全球控制权的篡位者。
用词多样化:want to & bent on & intent on
3. Global rules on trade and finance, it seems, are too important for Mr.Xi not to defend.
似乎贸易和金融方面的全球规则对于习近平来说太重要而不得不防卫。
笃师译:全球贸易金融规则似乎太过重要,习主席必须对其加以捍卫。
Too....not to:太。。。。而必须。。。
The dish is too delicious not to eat.
The city is too beautiful not to visit.
He is too talented not to succeed.
对比:too...to....太...所以不可能.....
Too good to be true:太美好,所以不可能是真的/美好的不现实
Too weak to handle the job:太弱,所以不可能胜任该工作/弱的无法胜任工作
Day 20:
总结反思
一.文章概述
文章从习特会而产生中美两国正在重新定位在全球所处的位置发生了变化的想法,认为美国正在渐渐脱离扛起全球责任的担当,相反,中国正在慢慢承担起这份责任。从开篇的这一段就能看出本文的基调,同时联系文章标题“Tortoise V Hare”,瞬间能明白当把中国比喻成龟,而美国是兔子时,龟兔赛跑的典故龟是赢了兔的,反映了作者的想法是在未来的国际地位上,中国正在超越美国。然后从各个方面举例说明中国正在挑战美国的国际地位这一事实,例如中国曾经奉行的不做领头羊原则现在主动提出领导国际经济,中国曾经奉行的韬光养晦的原则现在却频频在国际会议上明确表明态度——比如在联合国中只投弃权票现在能明确投反对票。更重要的提出“中国方案”这一新名词,再也不是曾经的“中国模式”只适用于中国而已,中国将为全世界国家提供最适合于该国的方案,这也侧面说明了中国博大精深的智慧。作者在文中更是强调中国既不是推翻前政策的革命者也不是抢夺全球控制权的簒夺者。在文章最后特意引用了中国外交部高级官员——中国外交部国际司司长张军的发言:“若中国被要求扮演领袖角色,那么中国会承担其责任。”
二.反思总结
这是目前为止最长的一篇topic,但由于谈中美关系和国际地位与我日常所看得时事新闻完全关联,新闻也时常提到习特会和WEF等重大国际会议的相关内容,只要接触过相关内容,大体上都能懂,所以看起来并不那么费劲。大概是篇幅太大,看起来生词相较前面更多,不过按比例来算反而更少些。在这篇文章,毫无疑问我认识了更多具有中国特色的词汇,例如“中国模式”或“北京共识”,“中国方案”以及这几年最频繁出现也最能体现近年来中国发展和中国目标的“一带一路”倡议等。由于语境已经能很好的掌握了,即使短语都不认识但也能猜出其大概意思了,因为了解,所以语境也能十分熟悉,这才真正体会到语境对于生词生句的作用是多么的大。
在外媒中很少能看到这么欣赏称赞中国的,看完这篇文章时,说实话是比较惊讶的,很多时候在外媒中看到的“中国威胁论”遍地都是,作为中国人也只能一笑置之。当然这一切都无一不在说明中国的强大,因为强大,所以白左外媒只能一味地将中国的形象恶魔化,只有如此才能激起外国民众的反华情绪,即使如此,中国正在强大的事实是毋庸置疑的。
在这周,中国的第一艘国产航母下水了,局座说过,成为一个大国的先决条件之一就是拥有一艘航母,而现在的中国,做到了!作为拥有航母的唯一一个发展中国家,中国无疑是真正的大国。当这艘航母下水之后,所有有了解的中国人都第一反应是在心里念叨:刘老,这盛世如你所愿。局座在节目中泪泣而谈:我们受了多大窝囊气才有了今天!因为曾经的海军的不强大,中国丢失了很多本属我国的领土,中国海军在从前一直被国人诟病耗资又大又无能,如今中国海军开始强大了,我相信总有一天中国能把我们固有领土以尽量和平的方式给夺回来。
突然想到一件事,就在这周的行政课,我在课后与老师交流国际问题的时候,我问老师对于欧盟是否会解体的看法,老师说他认为马克龙胜选的可能性要大些,欧盟应该是不会那么快解体,然后戏谑地说“联合国都要解体了呢。”当我听到这一句话整个感觉就是意料之外但又情理之中,联合国本来就是一个保护私有制和资产阶级的国际组织,美国作为创始国之一,在叙利亚疑似“化学武器袭击”之后绕过联合国对叙利亚投放导弹的做法已经能体现联合国本身的各种问题和漏洞都很大。联合国作为一个维世界和平的组织,在人类面临资源枯竭的问题上,在世界经济危机的问题上和在世界和平的问题上,近年来的作用在走下坡路。而联合国的命运就是要么彻底进行经济、政治、军事、法律和文化改革要么解散再建立一个全新的代替资产阶级性质的联合国。
如果这一理论成立的话就近几年来说的话改革更加有效吧,作为局座的“脑残粉”,记得局座曾说过,就军事而言,中国就是再有二十年都未必能超过美国,俄罗斯就不用提了——吃着苏联的老本。在这点上由于在国家层面军事政治经济是一体的也就不仅能说明如果要解散联合国创建新的联合国的话,现在的中国还没办法完全代替美国在国际社会引领全球的,并且就在这么一个大国博弈,小国靠大国在背后撑腰的世界,也没办法创造一个真正的所谓“大同”的联合国的。
虽然说中国在近些年是没办法取代美国的,张军说的“若有需要,中国会承担世界领袖责任”能客观表明中国的目标还是很宏大的,虽不干涉他国内政,还没有真正成为“强国”,但是是有承担这一责任的能力的。
习大大说过,要美国防止掉进“修昔底德陷阱”,这也就相当于零和博弈(zero-sum game)。就特朗普上任百日新政的处事和效果来看,中美是不太可能玩零和博弈的游戏的,外交部今日(4月29日)关于川普拒绝蔡英文的电话外交部发言人耿爽说明“我们注意到了美方有关反应。我想,台湾方面也应该注意到了美方的这个反应。我们一贯反对同中国建交的国家与台湾方面开展任何形式的官方往来。这一立场非常明确,也是非常坚定的。”,看得出来中美关系并不会像川普美国大选时所大谈特谈的那么针对中国了。相反,日本政府真的就比较蠢了,2016《防卫白皮书》中渲染中国和朝鲜的威胁,提到与俄罗斯和韩国的领土争端,无疑是和邻国都结了仇,一直不太懂日本政府为什么一直那么蠢一定要将中日关系搞上战略博弈和竞争为主的轨道和搞坏双边关系,但完全能理解为什么网友说“日本就是美国的狗”的说法。再者,美国要求韩国支付萨德系统的10亿美金费用——所谓的货到付款,作为中国人看来,刚过习特会不久,川普就搞这么一出,真的很容易让人联想到是在给美国自己找个台阶下啊。大国之间的博弈复杂而多变,非我普通老百姓能懂的,但就单纯的就两件事的感觉,实在能隐约感觉到中国的不断强大呀!
不管怎么说,作为中国人,义无反顾地支持我国的不断崛起是没有错的,在这么多年的“攘外必先安内”,中国在国际上的进步在老百姓的心里是能看到的,时隔十年,今年反腐剧《人民的名义》的播出,有最高检影视中心的支持,也表明了中央政府的态度。这世界上没有绝对的腐败或绝对的清廉的国家,只是腐败的程度不同,在2015年的CPI指数,中国指数趋中,即使特别腐败,也非特别清廉,我们支持国家反腐的态度是非常坚定的,向亚洲最清廉国家新加坡学习。即使全世界的都承认中国的进步神速,但我们不能否认的是中国还有很多的问题,法律有很多的不完善,经济结构也不完美,GDP很强大但人均GDP却很低,脱贫任务和反腐任务等的道路还很长。就如很多网友所说:中国就安心做个发展中国家就好。
我始终相信,中国这头雄狮正在苏醒,正在崛起!
外交部就开展反腐败国际追逃追赃等问题答问
www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-04/29/content_5189853.htm
中国可以挑战美国霸权吗?
bbs1.people.com.cn/post/2/1/2/139142733.html
6th topic done!
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