step by step
译||十一安
This lesson is meant to show you ways of increasing your vocabulary.
主要想通过这堂课向你们展示如何增加词汇量。
方法一：多阅读，多看自己喜欢的原英文题材
The most important thing that you can do to increase your vocabulary is read.
最重要的一点是通过阅读来增加词汇量。
Read a lot. What should you read?
多阅读。该阅读什么内容呢？
Anything and everything. But the most important thing is to read what you are really interested in. If you like sports read a sport magazine, if you like movies read a movie magazine. Even better read the script of the movie. If the movie is base on a novel read the novel. Read it. Best way to increase your vocabulary.
任何阅读材料，尽可能地阅读。但最重要的应该是阅读你所感兴趣的内容。比如你喜欢运动则阅读跟运动相关的杂志，喜欢电影的话，则阅读电影杂志。甚至可以阅读电影的脚本，如果电影时根据小说而拍成的，则阅读那本小说。阅读是提高词汇量的最好方式之一。
方法二：多写，多造句
Also don't just learn words trying to remember them. Write, write a lot, use those words you were learning. Everytime you learn a new word you should have a notebook with it all the way anyway. Write the word in a sentence. But not just any sentence. Make sure the sentence clearly shows that you know the meaning of the word. Let’s, for an example, I know everybody knows this one but beautiful, everyboby knows this word, but let’s say it is a new word for you. Don't write The sky is beautiful. This sentence doesn't tell me anything but the word about beautiful and the sky also blue. Does beautiful mean blue? No. make sure you using something. I like to see a beautiful sky that has pretty cloud and the sunshine and nice color and nice shape of blue because it makes me feel happy. Not the best exmple because it's a very long sentence but you get my idea.
不要仅仅用记忆的方式学习单词，应该通过写。用正在学习的单词造句。每次学习新词时都应随身携带一本小笔记本。然后用单词造句。但你造的句子要能够表现出你对这个词词义的了解以及认知。比如，beautiful，用这个词造句，造的句子不要像“天空很漂亮”此类的句子。因为天空也是蓝色的啊，难道漂亮跟蓝色是一样的意思吗？当然不是。所以要确保你造的句子能表达出你对新词词义的理解。但注意造的句子也不应太长。
方法三：学单词不要只学一个单词，记得该词的其他形式也要一并学下
Now again coming back to the notebook. Always have a notebook with you and always have a pen with.
tip: 随身携带笔记本&笔。
再来说笔记本。确保自己随身携带一本笔记本和一支笔。
And don't limit yourself to one new word. When you learn a new word make sure you learn different forms of this same word. Ok? So for example, the word beautiful. You learn a word beautiful. Put it into your adj column. It is an adj that’s what you want. But why not learn the other forms?
并且学新词的时候不要只学一个新词。学新词时应确保也能同时学到这个新词的其他形式。比如，beautiful 这个单词，这是个形容词，所以归于形容词这列。但为什么不同时把这个词的其他形式也学起来？
For example what is an adv form for beautiful? I think most you know it is beautifully. So now you have two new words. What’s its noun form of beautiful? It’s beauty. You now have three new words in your vocabulary. Is there a verb form of beautiful? Yes it is a matter of fact it is. Beautifiy is to make beautiful. You now have four new words. Think about other words, beauty, beautician, beautician is a person who works making people more beatutiful. She does facial, nail percutaneous and waxed and whatever else these beauticians do.Anyways try to find other forms and learn many words instead of just learning one word.
beautiful 这个单词的副词形式是什么？beautifully. 所以现在你学到两个新的单词啦。那么名词形式呢？beauty。所以现在学到三个新的单词啦。 beautiful这个词有动词形式吗？有，beautify， 也就是使变美。所以现在学到四个新单词啦。再想想其他跟beautiful有关的单词，beauty, beautician。beautician就是美容师。所以学习一个新的单词的同时也要学这个单词的其他形式的词，这样你学到的就不仅仅只是一个新词了。
方法四：词根学习法
Some people like to study roots and suffix and prefix. Personally I am not a huge fan of this recommendation. But at first I will explain what a root is. For example, you have the root ject. So you learn inject enject object subject… all those different words come from the root. So many people only study the word or the root, ject and think that would help them to understand the word with this root. It is a good idea if you have patience. I think most people who are studying in English don't like to study roots because it looks like studying in other language. If it works for you do it. If it doesn't then don't.
有些人喜欢通过研究词根以及前缀后缀来学习单词。词根是什么呢？比如这里的词根：ject。 通过ject这个词根你可以学到 inject enject object subject这些词。这些词都有个共同的词根：ject。但是很多人只是学习这个单词或者是词根，并且认为通过学习这个词根可以帮助理解。如果你有耐心的话，这会是个好办法。但是大多数学习英语的人并不喜欢词根学习法，因为通过这种办法学习单词就像是在学另外一种语言（不是英语的语言）。如果这对你有效，那么你可以这么做。反之不要。
方法五：多听
there are other things you can do, listen. Listen to as any spoken English as you can and I think some of you may hear the TED.com. it is a good website people give talks and lectures and lessons to different topics. Listen, listen carefully. Anytime you hear a word you don't recognize you write it down. If you don't know the spelling, no problem. Write it phonetically. Write the word just like its sound if you have an access to a transcript means all the words that have been spoken and written down. Check the transcript and find your word. If you can’t, you don't have a transcript go to a dictionary.
尽自己所能地多听些英文音频。比如：TED.com，这个网址上有很多人就不同方面的话题进行演讲，授课。多听，仔细地听。无论什么时候听音频听到认不出来的单词时写下来。如果不知道拼写也没关系。可以按照发音记下来。根据单词的发音记下来，如果你有该音频的文字材料，那么可以通过核对材料找出该词。如果没有文字等文档音频材料，那么你可以查字典。
方法六：字典
-01-字典的选择
Online you could get a paper one or online one. M-w.com American English. Oxford English dictionary.com., British English. I have seen a lot of students use like their electronic dictionaries they go through an English to Korean to Japenese, English to Spanish… don't do that anymore. Ok? English to English, this way you are learning more words as you are learning one word. I don't know this word I look at the definition. In the defintion I maybe learn other words. You won't maximizing how many words you learn but using an English to English dictionary.
有网上字典或是纸质版的字典。比如： M-w.com 网址里的是美式英语；Oxford English dictionary.com， 剑桥英语字典网是英式英语。有很多学生使用电子字典，用英语查韩语，查日语，用英语查西班牙语等。请不要再这么做。应该用英语查英语。（译者话：也就是英英释义）。通过英英释义的方式，你可以学到更多的单词。比如我不认识这个英语单词时，我去查阅字典上的定义，而看字典上的英语解释时，我可能会学到新的单词。
只有通过英英释义的字典你才可以尽可能地扩大你的词汇量。
-02-在线字典的应用
Now again about those electronic dictionaries sometimes like a spreadsheet people are trying to write they would like to write a sentence in a native language and then press translate on the elecronic dictionary and get a sentence in English. I have seen sentence that I knew came from the electronic dictionary because they make not any sense. They were terrible terrible sentences. Don't do that. The people who made this dictionary might not know English very well. Keep that in mind. So these are some ideas.
很多人喜欢先用母语写出一个句子，然后将这个句子放到电子字典里进行翻译成英文。我（演讲人）看过一些电子字典的翻译，这些翻译根本就翻译得不对，不合逻辑，翻译得很糟糕。制作该电子字典的人英语估计很糟糕。所以请别用电子字典去翻译母语句子。 （译者话：多年英语习得经验看来，有道上的长句翻译其实也是这种状况，翻译出来的英文大都是不合文法与逻辑。前不久看到新闻，谷歌在线翻译确实了得，翻译出来的句子跟native一样。国内的在线翻译工具我知之不多，但只知道有道长句翻译不是很好= =。很经常翻译出来的句子是有语病的chinglish。欢迎读者推荐好用的在线翻译工具~）
So now we are gonna look at a couple of many ways you could increase your vocabulary. These are very affective. But it takes a lot of patience and lot of perseveres. You have to try hard, you have to keep doing it. Because vocabulary, not so easy right?
中场小结：尽量多找方法来增加词汇量，有的方法需要学习者有耐心与毅力，并且坚持做。词汇学习与增加本身就不是一件简单的事。
方法七：善用学习小卡片：
-01-卡片上写什么
First we are gonna start with cards. You get yourself a stack of cards, maybe this big, not too big because you will carry them into your pocket, take them with you everywhere you go. On one side of the cards you are gonna write words four maybe five words they are new words for you. You are gonna write sentences on the back on the other side of the card. You are gonna use these words in sentences. So you have a clear meaning. Or you could write the meaning of the word, dictionary meaning. Both are ok. Now you are gonna split your cards into three piles.
准备一些小卡片。卡片大小应该以能够放到口袋的大小为宜，这样就能随身携带，随时学习了。卡片的一面可以记下四到五个新单词，卡片的另外一面可以造句，切记造句应遵循上述的造句原则。或是卡片的另外一面可以写新单词的释义，字典意思，都可以。准备好后就将这些卡片分类。
-02-单词卡片分类以及应用
You are gonna have the pile in card of words that you know or you are very comfortable with. Eventually you are gonna have a pile like this, words you are very comfortable with, you know them very well you don't need to look at these cards very often. Now before I continue where you get these words? Get from a toefl. site or ielt site or snet site or snet book. For example, you have a list of words that you need to learn, put all these words on cards. Split them up like this. You know these words very well don't need to look at. These words are almost sure or at least you reconginze these words, you saw these words before, you heard them before, you can guess what they mean maybe in context so you are not sure put them into this pile. This pile you are looking at all the time. And then the last pile that you put words that you really don't know. This is the pile that you are looking at the most. You are studying these words as become more familiar you move them to this pile( move to almost sure pile). This pile you study very also regularly. This pile you want to put into your pocket and take with you when you go outside on the bus look at your words, long line at the bank, put out your cards look at your words. When these words become very comfortable with you, when you know what this word means move over to this pile ( know pile) and leave them at home. Don't know, almost sure, know, study move, study move, put aside once a while look at them just make sure you remember them. Because if you never look at this again you will forget them. So it is all the time continue. You have to practice practice practice. Vocabulary is a lot of memorization, that's way it is.
你会有一类的词汇卡片：里面的单词都是你知道的，或你很熟悉的。通过学习，你最后也会有这么一类的单词。这些单词从何而来： 托福、雅思等网址得来。比如你有一些单词需要学习，那么你可将这些单词写到卡片上，并分成三类：很熟悉不需要查字典的单词为一类（know）；你很确定自己是认识的，你见过或听过这些单词，并且在一定的语境中可以大概猜出意思、得一直查看的单词为一类（almost sure）；最后一类单词是你根本就不认识的，这类单词你最需要查看（don't know）。当你通过学习，对“don't know”类的单词变得更熟悉时就可以将这类的单词移动到“almost sure”这类列表里了。这类的单词也是需要经常查看学习的。这类的单词你可以放进口袋里，外出搭乘公交时可以拿出来看，在银行大排长龙等待时可以拿出来看。当这些单词你变得很熟悉时，则可以放在家里了。一步一步，循序渐进地，从不知道的单词，通过学习变到猜得出字义的，再到完全熟知的，但也要过段时间拿出来查看，确保记住了。因为久没再复习的话就会忘记。所以这些是需要一直继续的，必须一直练习，一直练习，一直练习。词汇学习需要许多背诵记忆，它就是这样的。
方法八：词块学习，划词为组
-01-按词根分组
What you do is you make yourself a group of words. you can make it many ways, you can keep yourself like a little brainstorm. For example if you look at the root here ject, then you write reject, inject, eject, subject or in a list, however what way works for you. So three ways that I would recommend to group works. Again if you like the roots group then like that, eject, reject, subject, inject. Now the reason you are gonna make groups is because you don't remember object or object, remember, now over, but you remember this group. You sort of remember what ject means so you could apply an object. Ject is like a push in most context. Object is push away, refuse. So if you don't remember the word, hopely you will remember the idea of this group then they will remember you what the word means.
可以按照不同的方式对词组进行分组，无论是什么方式，只要对你适用就可以。比如对于词根：ject，你可以将 reject, inject, eject, subject 等写下来成组。我推荐三种方式来对词汇分组。分组的原因在于当你不记得目标或反对，但你记得这个词属于哪个组。那么你就可以记得ject的意思，那么你就可以应用宾语了。在大多数的语境中ject就像是推。宾语就是推走，拒绝。所以如果你不记得这个单词，希望你会记得分组这件事，那么其所在的组就会提醒你这个单词的意思。
-02-按同义词或功能相近的词分组
Another group you could use is similar meanings so synonyms words that have similar meanings or similar function. So for example I am gonna look at this function, increase, extend, expand, accelarate, intensify, reinforce, all of these have some sort of, in the meaning have some sort of connection to increase. Extend, make it longer, increase length or time duration. Expand, increase size or scope. Accelarate, increase speed, intensify increases intensity, reinforce increase strength. So maybe you see the word reinforce when you reading something you are not exactly sure what it means but you remember the group it was in, the group was increase group. so reinforce means increase plus the context of the sentence you saw it in will help you understand it increases strength or sometimes could be increase number, number of soldiers, reinforce the position.
你可以将相近意思的单词或具有相同功能的单词分为一组。比如：就功能而言，increase, extend, expand, accelarate, intensify, reinforce这些都在词义上跟增加有关联。extend 表示使其变得更长，增加长度或持续性；expand表示增加尺寸或范围;accelarate表示增加速度；intensify增加强度；reinforce表示加固、强化。所以当你阅读时看见reinforce这个单词，你不是很确定这个词的意思，但是因为你记得这个词的所属组——increase增加的这个组，那么reinforce就是意味着增加的意思，同时加上语境的帮助，你就会明白reinforce表示强化或者是有时候会表示增加数量，士兵的数量等，加固位置等。
-03-按主题分组
The last group is theme. For example, like lets say today’s theme is technology. So you write words the related with technology. Obsolete, state of the art, update, downgrade, cutting edge, all these words we could talk about like computer softwares or computers. Obsolete nobody uses it anymore. Window XP, maybe not complete obsolete but almost obsolete or hardly anybody uses it anymore. State of the air, means the newest, cutting edge the newest the most events you can get. Update to make it newer, downgrade to make it less. For example I have windows 8, I don't like it I want to downgrade to window 7 but cant do it, window 8 wont let me.
最后一组是按照主题划分的。例如：我们今天讲的是关于科技的主题。所以你写的单词跟科技有关。Obsolete（废弃的）；state of the art（当前发展水平）； update（更新）； downgrade（降级）； cutting edge（应为at the cutting edge of 表示尖端，前沿的意思）用这些单词我们可以谈论电脑软件或是电脑等。obsolete表示没有人使用。比如 Window XP，可能不是完全废弃，不用，但大部分都废弃或者说几乎没有人使用了。state of the art，表示最新的意思。 cutting edge表示获得最新的事件动态。update是使其变得更新，downgrade表示使其降级。比如：我使用window8， 因为不喜欢所以想降级为window7，但是因为window8不允许，所以不能降级。
But anyway so you have theme, you have similar meaning or function, you have root, learn in chunks. If you don't remember one word, you remember the group it will help you to understand the word you were looking at.
不管是主题，还是近义词还是功能相近词，词根等，请按照词块学习。如果你不记得一个单词，但是你记得它所在的组块，那么这就会帮助你理解。
译者小结：
其实英语词汇的学习不管是词汇量的扩增或是对词汇知识深度的学习等，都是需要日积月累的。
比如本人在做这个视频的听译时就经历了这样的过程：先听第一遍，十三分钟多的长度，在没有字幕的情况下觉得都听得懂；第二遍开始翻译时，发现很多小细节需要再返回听过才知道；第三遍&很多遍的再返回时，往往都是因为某个单词听不出来，于是就不知不觉地应用了上文提到的方法五以及方法六——多听，然后根据语音写下大致的拼写，或者是遇到视频作者在解释一个名词时，本人就会回到该词的英英释义，然后就会发现听不懂的单词在释义里面。对于不是在解释定义时才听不懂的词时，本人会根据写下的大致拼写，用电子词典（比如有道...有道在查词方面还是好用的），输入前几个字母则剩下的会自动跑出列表，然后挑选一个接近的，或者是没有选择时，就再返回听，同时注意演讲者的嘴型发音来判断自己是否听错，修改自己的拼写，再返回字典查...不得不说，真的需要耐心...试个几遍就大概可以查到，有的单词比如beautician（美容师）, Nevada（内华达）,percutaneous（经由皮肤的）等等，这些都是本人用听和查字典的方法一步步修正拼写的。在这过程中其实也强化了对这些词的记忆；The Shawshank Redemption（肖申克的救赎），这部电影是看过的，但当时只记住中文的电影名字，没注意到英文的说法，所以对于这个单词我也一直听不出来，后来是根据百度其作者Steven King的资料，搜索出其作品，然后发现肖申克的救赎...另外，港真，我真的不知道beautiful 的动词是beautify...可见自己的学习方法也时需要提高。
英语学习真的需要耐心以及毅力，比如我做这篇听译时，内心其实一直是想放弃的，因为太长了，尤其遇到一直听不出来的单词时= =但是付出就会有回报的啊，坚持下来就会学到更多，听译完时成就感颇多嘻嘻所以加油吧！
本译文仅供个人研习、欣赏语言之用，谢绝任何转载及用于任何商业用途。本译文所涉法律后果均由本人承担。本人同意简书平台在接获有关著作权人的通知后，删除文章。
原视频可点击以下蓝字：
如何提高词汇量--听外教怎么说
突然 想做回点老本行当，好好学习英语。久未练功，如有错误，欢迎指正~
我是十一安。
祝你的昨天、今天、明天快乐~
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