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It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.
Question 1
Religious associations are mentioned to show that ______.
✔[A] an institution is not established for the purpose of enriching experience
[B] their original motive is not to secure the favor of their worshipers信徒
[C] in fact they cannot screen off evil influences for the overruling powers
[D] a family should address many needs of members to guarantee its perpetuity
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Question 2
Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese and write it down tomorrow.
It may be said that the measure措施 of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.也许可以说任何社会机构价值的评判是在其扩大和提升经历的作用方面,但这个作用并不是机构的初衷。↓
虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生经历方面所起的作用,但这种作用并非建立社会机构的初衷。
Religious宗教的 associations began, for example, in the desire to为了) secure保护,获得 the favor of overruling统治的 powers and to ward off防止 evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify满足 appetites欲望 and secure family perpetuity永久; systematic有系统的 labor, for the most part, because of enslavement强制,奴隶 to others, etc.(这一段生词真的好多)
例如,从宗教组织开始,其想要获得统治阶级的青睐以及防止不良的影响;家庭生活想要满足欲望和获得家族永久传承下去;系统的劳动大部分是因为(想要)强制其他人,等等。↓
举例来说,宗教社团创立的初衷是为了保护统治阶级的特权,阻挡一切恶势力;建立家庭生活是为了满足成员的愿望,保障家庭的长久稳定。在很大程度上,系统劳动的出现缘于对他人的奴役。
逐句详解↓
第一句
[1] It may be said [2] that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; [3] but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
句子结构
分句[1]+[2]与分句[3]为并列关系
[1] 主句(S+V)
主:It 形式主语
谓:may be said 可以说
译文:(我们)可以说
[2]主语从句(S+LV+P)
引:that
主:the measure (of the worth (of any social institution)) 对任何社会机构的价值的衡量
系:is 是
表:its effect (in enlarging and improving experience); 其在扩大和改进经验方面的作用
译文:衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生经历方面所起的作用
[3] 并列分句(S+LV+P)
连:but 但
主:this effect 这种作用
系:is not 不是
表:a part of its original motive 其最初动机的部分
译文:但这种作用并非(建立)社会机构的初衷
本句译文
虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生经历方面所起的作用,但这种作用并非建立社会机构的初衷。
第二句
[1] Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; [2] family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; [3] systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.
必备词汇
gratify [ˈgrætɪfaɪ] v. 使满足,使满意
enslavement [ɪn'sleɪvmənt] n. 奴役,强制
句子结构
[1](S+V)
主:Religious associations 宗教团体
谓:began 开始(创立)
状:for example, 举例来说
状(目的):in the desire to | secure the favor | of overruling powers 初衷是 | 维护特权 | 统治阶级
状(目的):and to ward off evil influences 阻挡 | 邪恶势力
译文:举例来说,宗教团体创立的初衷是为了保护统治阶级的特权,阻挡一切邪恶势力。
[2](S+V)
主:family life 家庭生活
谓(略):began 建立
状(目的):in the desire to | gratify appetites | and secure family perpetuity 是为了 | 满足愿望 | 保障家庭长久
译文:建立家庭生活是为了满足成员的愿望,保障家庭的长久稳定
[3](S+V)
主:systematic labor 系统劳作
谓(略):began 出现
状:for the most part, 很大程度上
状(原因=目的):because of enslavement to others 缘于对他人的奴役
状:, etc 等等(略)
译文:在很大程度上,系统劳动的出现缘于对他人的奴役
本句译文
举例来说,宗教社团创立的初衷是为了保护统治阶级的特权,阻挡一切恶势力;建立家庭生活是为了满足成员的愿望,保障家庭的长久稳定。在很大程度上,系统劳动的出现缘于对他人的奴役。
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