简单的说,平行文本(parallel text)是指与原文内容接近的中文或英文参考资料,一种平行文本是中英文对照,另外一种是单独的英文或中文内容。找到了平行文本,其根本的目的是为了应用在译文或英文写作中,即所谓“内化”。
接下来,是Audrey关于如何搜索并利用平行文本,提供翻译灵感的实操套路。
原文
本周三,调查英国在2003年伊拉克战争中行为的特别报告终于在推迟多年之后问世。这项调查由曾担任高层公务员的约翰•齐尔考特(John Chilcot)牵头进行,审阅了数千份文档并采访了上百名目击者,最终报告的篇幅超过了两百万单词。
拿到这周的翻译,我快速地浏览了下文本。文本篇幅不长,主要围绕关于03年伊拉克战争中英国行为的调查报告来展开,介绍了报告的基本情况、目的以及少许大众对此的反响。了解大意之后,便开始着手翻译,无奈发现首段中有一些表达,例如“特别报告”、“高层公务员”等,自己无法确定。
之前在翻译群的学习中,飞鸟有提过如何查询平行文本,有一个很重要的概念——找到了平行文本,其根本目的是为了应用在我们的译文中,即所谓的“内化”。当不确定用词、表达甚至是结构的时候,求助权威文章,汲取长处,完善译文,毕竟它山之石,可以攻玉。
输入关键字,中英关键字结合
由于自己不太确定“调查”和“特别报告”,于是便在google里输入了“英国伊拉克战争报告”+“Britain report on Iraq War”接着页面显示:
向下翻发现了wiki,原来这里的”调查”用的是inquiry(Longman Dictionary:an official process to findout about something),(wiki搜寻平文本的好地方)点进去切换成英文的文本 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_Inquiry可以找到很多有用的信息,比如:
该报告的官网↓↓↓
约翰·齐尔考特(JohnChilcot)是这个inquiry committee的主席:Sir John Chilcot (chairman), a career diplomat and senior civil servant who was previously a member of the Butler Review.
而senior civil servant可以记下来作为“高层公务员”的表达;senior:having a higher position, level,or rank高级的,高职位的
看到publication一栏:The Inquiry's final report was published on 6 July 2016.Comprising 2.6 million words in 12 volumes, plus an executive summary, a physical copy was priced at767. Bereaved families received afree copy.[37] It was also published online.
中文文本中提过“最终报告”“篇幅超过两百万单词”,这一小段英文中出现的“final report”和comprise...words便可以记下来
Wiki百科一般会有大量的references,不妨找到2016年7月左右的相关报道(报到问世时间),看看其他权威是如何表达的。
找出平行文本,对照,汲取有用表达
由于我并没有找到结构比较相似的文章,所以下面就主要举一些句子和表达来看(仅供参考,欢迎指正)
▲问世
动词:be published/released/issued/ unveiled
E.g.The Chilcot Report, a British inquiry into the Iraq War,was unveiled on Wednesday.
短语: the publication of/ the unveiling of thereport,这里可以让Wed作主语,谓语用mark/witness/see来组句。
平行文本出处:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/06/chilcot-report-2003-iraq-war-was-unnecessary-and-invasion-was-no/
另外还发现Iraq Inquiry也可以作主语:
The Iraq Inquiry, chaired by Sir JohnChilcot and composed of five privy councillors, finally publishedits report onthe morning of 6 July, seven years and 21 days after it was established byGordon Brown with a remit to ‘look at the run-up to the conflict, the conflictitself and the reconstruction, so that we can learn lessons’
平行文本出处:http://www.lrb.co.uk/v38/n15/philippe-sands/a-grand-and-disastrous-deceit
Iraq inquiry是个专有名词,The Iraq Inquiryis a British public inquiry into the nation's role inthe Iraq War.为了执行inquiry,委员会以John Chilcot为首的committee应运而生,我觉得在这个文本里的Iraq Inquiry可能指的是committee.
▲推迟
delay n.&v.【动名词均可】
动词词组:drag out (to last unnecessarily long or proceed for anextended period of time)
It dragged out so long.
it指的是the report,平行文本出处:http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-36442521
▲带头
be led by; be chaired by (chair:act aschairman of or preside over an organization, meeting, or public event 担任组织会议或公共活动的主席,主持,监管)
平行文本出处:https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/jul/06/chilcot-report-crushing-verdict-tony-blair-iraq-war
▲曾担任高层公务员
former/retired highsenior servant/top senior servant
VOA用的是top,但我觉得还是看英国的主流媒体,用senior;组织句子上可以用一个同位语 The inquiry isled/chaired by John Chilcot, a former/retired senior civil servant
▲审阅了数千份文档
找到一篇报道里的analyse强调分析,所以我觉得不太适用原文
The inquiry has analysed more than 150,000 government documents as well as other material related to the invasion.
▲采访了上百名目击者
interview hundreds of witnesses
另外我还从报道上发现了这样的表达“从...获取证据”hear/take evidence from
The inquiry heard/took evidence from a varietyof witnesses.
The Inquiry took evidence from those whom it judged best placed to provide a first-hand account of events either in person or by written statement.
▲篇幅超过了两百万单词
这些都是找到的平行文本,可以参考的表达有:The report runs to(固定搭配“达到一定的量”) ...words; The report is...long; The report comprises...words
The report's long-awaited publication(出版物)follows 130 sessions of oral evidence, the testimony of more than 150 witnesses and is more than 2.5 millionwords long.
Comprising 2.6 million words in 12 volumes, plus an executive summary, a physical copy was priced at 767.
所以你看,学会使用平行文本,能够节约大量脑细胞,对翻译和英语学习者的秀发健康也大有助益。
当然,除了现查现用平行文本,平日里也要注意收集这些好用的句式与词组,做好术语库资料库管理,这样真到了翻译写作的时候,才可以信手拈来。读书破万卷,下笔如有神,说的就是这个道理。
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