翻译练习:
1.Then there are sadder features.Here and there,wings havethat fluttered so lastyear, a moldering prune,an empty house in which a bird resided where last year's flies theirerrand ran and last year's crickets fell. We too are flying,fading, John. And the song here lies soonupon the lips that live us now will have hummed and ended.
官方译文:还有些让人伤心的事。每一处,去年曾经拍打的羽翼都化成了尘土,李子在腐烂,那座房子——鸟儿曾在里面栖息,去年苍蝇还在那儿奔忙,蟋蟀还在那儿戏耍——如今却已空空。我们也同样会飞舞着,然后老去,约翰。如今在我们唇上轻绕的曲子很快也要唱完了。
2.Thank you for your letter, John. Glad Iwas to get it, and gladder had I got them both. And glad indeed to see if inyour heart another lies bound one day to me amid your momentous cares. pleasantto know that langsyns has its own place. That nookand cranny still retain their accustomed guest and when busier cares anddustier days and cobwebs less in frequent shut what was away. Still as a balladhummed and lost, remember early friend and drop a tear if a troubadour thatstrain maychance to sing.
谢谢你的来信,约翰。我很高兴收到了信,更高兴的是收到了两封。看到在你心中有一份对我的深切关怀的确令我开怀,明白到你对旧情的珍重令我喜悦。有时候,忙碌、尘封的岁月与蛛网也不会将往日隔离,在我心灵深处,仍有一个僻静的角落永远都等待着故友的来访。那么在游吟诗人歌唱的时候,记着你的旧日朋友吧,也别忘了洒一掬清泪,无论歌谣唱起唱毕。
一.单词与词组
1.gone to dust:去尘
2.amid:在…..之中
3.less in frequent:有时
4.what was way:逝去的
二.导师讲解
That nook and cranny still retain theiraccustomed guest and when busier cares and dustier days and cobwebs less infrequent shut what was away.
里面有几个词语:nook是隐蔽处、角落的意思。cranny是裂缝的意思。retain是保留。
注意连词and,用来连接前后两个意义关联的句子。再注意一下less,刚才没有展开说。less作副词的时候是有一种用法是否定含义,表示几乎不,一点也不。
less这个词不仅否定着in frequent,也否定了shut。
汉语中也有类似表达:比如命运不会对你残忍地关上那扇门。否定词不会,既否定残忍又否定关上。
句子中的nook、cranny、cobweb都可以看做一种比喻,让句子更加生动。
如果既要表现出句子结构又把全部词语表述出来,这句话大约可以这样直译:
(心中)的隐秘之处与罅隙之地依旧为昔日故友而留存,那愈发忙碌的奔波时日,那日益蒙尘的光阴抑或蛛网丛生于时光,亦无法频频将旧日拒之门外。
三.知识扩展
(1).英文中的比喻:
1.明喻(the
simile)
明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出,说明本体事物像喻体事物,用介词like,连词as,as if,as…so,动词seem等以及句型A…to B as C…to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。例如:There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that, like
photographic film, it will record pictures and designs.现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃,它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。又如:as clear as crystal清如水晶
2.隐喻(the metaphor)
隐喻是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方。举一个简单的例子:Argument is war.实际上argument和war是两种不同的事物,前者是口语谈论,后者是武装冲突。但argument和war都可能十分激烈,因此该句用战争(war)来暗指辩论(argument)激烈的程度。又如:He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。还有许多隐喻成语如:to
teach fish to swim班门弄斧;to plough the sand白费力气。
3.转喻(the metonymy)
转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如:The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses喻指司机drivers)。英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字,除本义外,常可转借喻人,形象生动,意味隽永。例如:She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。
4.借喻(figurativeness)
借喻是用一个事物来指代与它关系密切的另一个事物。借喻中只出现喻体,而不出现本体,即用喻体替代本体。借喻中使用替代词的意义是它的转义,而不是本义。它着眼于两种事物之间的联系,而非二者的相似性。例如:He was most furious when he found that his wife had kept a secret
purse.他发现妻子存有私房钱,非常愤怒。这里的secret purse指与之有密切联系的“私房钱”。secret purse与“私房钱”的联系在于:钱包是用来装线的。
5.提喻synecdoche
提喻与借喻相似,也是用一种事物替代另一事物,句中只出现喻体,而不出现本体。但是,借喻中二事物有密切的联系,而提喻中两事物则体现于同一体中,是部分与整体的关系,是“包含”与“覆盖”的关系。例如:Yet there were some stout hearts who attempted resistance.但是也有些胆大的人试图抵抗。用人的一部分heart代替人,是用部分代替整体的情况。
(2)英文比喻中的常见句型:
句型一本体(主语)+谓语(介词like;连词as)+喻体/Be likened to +喻体
、The Chinese people stood up like a giant.
中国人民像巨人一样站起来了。
句型二本体(主语)+be+as+形容词+as+喻体
Cultivation to the mind is as necessary asfood to the body.(Cicero)
学习对于头脑,如同食物对于身体一样不可缺少。
句型三名词A…to+名词B+as/what+名词C…to+名词D
Reading is to the mind what exercise is tothe body.(Addison)
读书对于思想,好像运动对于身体一样。
句型四just as/what+喻体,so/that+本体
Asfire tries gold,so does adversity try virture.
如同火实验金,逆境实验人的品德。
句型五…no more/less +本体+than+喻体;not +本体+any more than+喻体
Thegreatness of a people is no more determined by their number than the greatnessof a man is determined by his height.(V.Hugo)
一个民族的伟大不决定人口多少,正如一个人的伟大不决定于他的身长一样。
句型六主句(本体)+as if/as though+(从句)喻体;
Thefirst time I read an excellent book,it is to me just as if I had gained a newfriend.
起初我读到一本好书时候,我认为它是我的良师益友。
句型七主语+may/might+as well+动词原形+喻体;as+动词原形+本体
You may as well call a cat a littletiger as call a tiger a big cat.
正如可以说老虎是大猫一样,猫也可以说是小老虎。
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