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十一安译
One of the challenges in learning a foreign language is remembering all of the new vocabulary.In this video, we’re going to go over a few tips for learning new words, and for remembering them.
学习一门新的外语时最大的挑战是背单词。在本次的视频中，我们会讲到几个学习新单词和记忆单词的建议。
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First, expose yourself to the language. For example, read, i still learn English words from reading. I find that every couple of moths the new York Times uses a word that either i’ve never heard before, or that i’ve heard but i’m not totally solid on the meaning.
第一点，投入到语言里。
比如，阅读，我现在仍旧是通过阅读来学英语。我发现每隔几个月，纽约时报会使用那些要嘛我从没听说过的，要嘛是我有听过但并不完全理解意思的单词。
So i look it up, learn the meaning, and then go back to the sentence and solidify it. One good idea is to think of another word that you know that you could replace it with in that sentence. A word that wouldn’t change the meaning. Then say the sentence with that word. Trying the new word to a word you already know, and studying it in the context of the sentence will help you remember it.
所以我会查单词，学习单词的意思，然后再回到那个句子去巩固。一个好的主意是思考另外一个你知道的单词替换掉句子里的新单词。这个你知道的单词不会改变句子的意思。然后用你知道的单词来说所在句子。用一个你已经知道的单词替代新单词，并在语境中学习新单词可以帮助你记忆。
If you know my channel, you know it’s a pronunciation channel. Always learn the pronunciation when you learn a new word. When you look up a word in dictionary, the pronunciation is always right there. Many online dictionaries also play an audio file so you an hear a native speaker say the word. Practice it out loud several times.
我主持的是发音频道。学新单词的时候总得学发音。当你在字典中查这个单词时，字典中也有该词的发音。很多网上的字典也可以播放单词发音，所以你可以听到地道的单词发音。要大声地多练习几次。
You want to read at the right level to learn. If it’s too easy, you won’t learn many new vocabulary words. If it’s too hard you don’t really get the context because there is too much you don’t know. Trying reading at a level where you look up, at most, one word per sentence.
你想在正确的学习水平上进行阅读。如果太简单的话，你就无法学到太多新单词。如果太难的话，因为有太多陌生的单词，所以你无法真正了解语境。试着阅读你那些你最多只需要查找一个陌生单词的句子。
As you discover new words in your reading, write them down, along with the meaning and the context. You can either use a notebook, or flashcards if you prefer that. Make a system that works for you so you know you’re going to actually go back and study the words again. Most words you won’t remember from just looking it up once.
当你发现阅读的材料里有新单词时，连同意思和语境记下单词。你可以使用笔记本，或者是你倾向使用教学用的抽认卡。制定一个对你有用的系统，这样你可以知道自己会真的返回再次学习这些单词。对于那些你不懂的单词，如果你只查过一遍，那么你是记不住的。
When you look the word up, look for related words or other forms of the word. For example, let’s say you’re learning the word “adjust” which is a verb. You may find in the dictionary that “adjustable” is an adjective and “adjustment” is a noun. Write these down too.
当你查生词时，也要查看这个单词其它形式的相关单词。比如，你在学习“adjust”这个动词。在字典中你会发现它的形容词形式是“adjustable”，“adjustment”是其名词形式。把这些也写下来。
It is also a good idea to look for one antonym or one synonym. An antonym is word with an opposite meaning, and a synonym is a word with the same or similar meaning. So, let’s say you’re learning the word “blurry”. A synonym would be “fuzzy”.
查看生词的反义词或近义词也不错。反义词是与单词意思相反的单词，同义词则是带有一样意思或相似意思的单词。比如，你在学习“blurry”，它的同义词则是 “fuzzy”。
An antonym would be “clear”. If any of these words are unknown to you, write them down too. You can find synonyms and antonym by looking in a thesaurus, like thesaurus.com. Another great way to learn vocabulary is to watch TV, movies, and online videos. But you can’t just sit back, relax, and be entertained.
它的反义词是“clear”。如果这些单词中有你不知道的，那么你也要记下来。你可以通过分类词汇汇编找到近义词和反义词，像thesaurus.com网。另外一个好方法就是通过看电视、电影和网上视频等学习词汇。但你不能只是以舒坦地坐着，放松，和看得心花怒放的姿态学习。
You can do that sometimes, you’re going to learn more if you actively participate in learning. When i was in Germany, i watched a lot of TV with my notebook in hand. When i heard a word or phrase that i knew i could identify but didn’t know the meaning of, i immediately stopped paying attention to the television, or paused what i was watching and wrote down the word.
偶尔为之可以，但如果你更积极地参与学习的话，你可以学到更多。我在德国时，我看了很多电视，同时也记笔记。当我听到我可以辨认出来，但不知道其意思的单词或短语时，我会立即停下对电视的注意，或者是暂停播放，然后记下该单词。
Then i looked up the meaning and wrote down the context. It was so easy to remember new words i picked up this way because i had the visual of what i had been seeing. I had the visual of the word written down, and i practiced out loud several times.
然后我会查单词的意思，并记下语境。通过这种方法记单词就很简单，因为我看过所以有视觉效果。带着这样的视觉效果，我记下单词，并且大声地练习很多遍。
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The context of the situation help solidify that word or phrase. If you can rewind and watch again, do this, and pay attention to the pronunciation.Imitate the pronunciation out loud 5 or 6 times. Make sure you write the pronunciation down, either using IPA or another system that works for you.
情景语境可以帮助巩固单词或者习语。如果你能倒带回去，再看一遍，注意发音。大声地模仿发音5或6遍确保你把发音写下来，或者使用国际音标或者是另一种对你适用的系统。
This is also great for learning phrases or sequences of words that are frequently used. When i was in Germany watching a drama, i heard the phrase:Es mir furchtbar leid. I had never heard this phrase before. I knew “es tut mir leid”, which means “i’m sorry”, so i recognized the phrase, and i learned a new way to intensify it with “furchtbar”. I’m terribly sorry. When you learn a new phrase, write it down.
这对学习语或是经常使用的单词序列也是有益的。我曾在德国看戏剧时，我听到习语：Es mir furchtbar leid。在这之前，我没听过这句习语。我知道“es tut mir leid”这句话的意思是“抱歉”，所以我认得这个习语，也学到新方法强化“furchtbar”。我真的很抱歉。当你学一个新习语时，记下来。
Ok, so what do you do with all of these words and phrases you’re writing down? By learning them in the context of reading or video, you’re already helping yourself memorize them.
那对于这些你记下来的单词和习语你要做什么呢？通过阅读或视频的语境的形式学习，你已经帮助自己记忆这些单词了。
But you’re still going to have to put in some work. Try to memorize, really solidly memorize, 3-5 words a day. If you have a great memory, then maybe go for 10. But limit yourself to that.
但是如果你仍需下些功夫。试着去记忆，实打实地巩固记忆，一天3-5个单词。如果你的记忆力很好，那么你可以一天记忆10个单词。但请不要超过10个。
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Tip 1 for memorization: the Laura tip. I’m naming this after my friend who was studying Spanish abroad. Laura would write down and learn four or five new words that she heard in conversation throughout the day. At the end of the day, she would turn them into a song. This might involve gestures or movements to help her understand. It might contain just the word, if the gesture was clear, or the word and definition, or the word in a sentence.
建议1：Laura方法。
我用我在海外学西班牙语的朋友的名字命名。Laura从每天对话里所听到的新单词记下来，学习4或5遍。每天结束时，她会把这些新词编程歌。这歌可能会涉及到手势或者是动作，以此帮助增强理解。如果手势够清楚的话，歌可能仅包含单词，或者是包含单词和释义，或者是把这个单词放到一句话里。
Adding music, adding a melody, really helps your brain hold onto information. She taught me one of her songs and i still remember it, 8 years later.
加进音乐，加进旋律，这真的可以帮助你的大脑保持住这些信息。她教我她编的其中一首歌，8年过后的今天我依旧记得这首歌。
And i wasn’t even trying to studying Spanish at the time. Let’s come up with an example song. Let’s say you’re learning the words sprint, deceive, increase, and concern.
甚至，我那时候并没尝试学西班牙语。让我们拿一首歌来举例子。比如你正在学习sprint, deceive, increase, 和concern这4个单词.
Your song could go something like this: sprint! Don’t deceive me. Increase. I care because i’m concerned. Don’t spend much time on it. It should be short and fun.
你的歌可能会像：春天啊！请别期满我啊。增加。因为我心担忧啊！（sprint! Don’t deceive me. Increase. I care because i’m concerned.）不要花太多时间。歌应该短而欢乐。
Sing it 10 or 12 times. Then sing the one from yesterday a few times. Adding motion and melody will help you memorize. It doesn’t matter at all what the melody is, or even if you’re musical. It will still help you remember.
把歌唱上10或者是12遍，昨天的歌今天唱几遍。同时增加动作和韵律可以帮助你记忆。什么韵律根本不重要，甚至如果你用是音乐片。这仍会帮助你记忆。
Tip 2 for memorization: repetition and grouping. Go over your vocabulary words many times. Practice them out loud. Repetition is extremely important. If it’s a tough word to pronounce, slow it down, don’t rush: immediately.
建议2：重复法和分组法。
多次复习你的词汇。大声地练习。重复极其重要。如果这个单词不好发音，那就减慢发音速度，别急。用mmediately练习。
Put the words in groups and drill the groups together. Then group them differently and drill again. For example, if you wrote down 10 words or phrases while watching one episode of the Sopranos, practice those words together and think about the episode and the context for each word. Or, group them by vowel sound in the stressed syllable, for example, furniture, unearth, burley, return, jury, blurt, curse. These words all had the UR vowel in the stressed syllable.
单词分组并且一起练习。然后再分组，再练习。比如，在你看Sopranos的一个片段时，你写下10个单词或是习语，集中练习这些单词，并思考这个片段和每个单词的语境。或者是，按照重读音节中的元音发音进行分组。比如，furniture, unearth, burley, return, jury, blurt, curse这些单词。这些单词的重读音节里都有UR元音。
Or, organize your words by stress: typical, period, numerous, everything, difficult, curious, DA-da-da. These were all three-syllable words with stress on the first syllable.
或者，通过重音节分组：typical, period, numerous, everything, difficult, curious, DA-da-da.这些都是3个音节，第一个音节为重读音节。
Or, organize the words by meaning, grouping together words of similar meaning. Or group them by how well you know them, putting words you know really well in one group, words you kind of know in a second group, and words you need a lot of help with in a third group.
或者，通过词的释义分组，按照意思相近划分单词。或者是，通过你对这些单词的掌握程度来划分组，将那些你掌握很好的单词划分为一组，那些你只知道一点点的单词划分为第二组，那些你需要很多帮助才能掌握的单词划分为第三组。
Creating various groups will help you memorize, and will make drilling
vocabulary more engaging.
划分成多种多样的组可以帮助你记忆，并且让练习单词更令人着迷。
Tip 3: visualization. When you learn a word, come up with a picture for it, a mini-story in one picture in your mind that makes sense to you. This is a common mnemonic device, and you probably used it when learning vocabulary in your own language. So absorb as much of the language as you can through reading and watching video, or even writing down words from conversation around you. Organize these words in a system that works for you: maybe a notebook, maybe flashcards. And get creative when memorizing. The more often you come back and study your vocabulary words, the more you’ll be able to remember them and to use them yourself in writing and conversation. Do you have other methods for learning vocabulary? Let me know in the comments below.
建议3：形象化。
当你学一个单词时，为这个单词勾勒一个画面，并在你脑海中为这个画加入一个对你来说合理的小故事。这是一种常见的记忆策略，并且你可能在用这种方法和你的自己的语言去学习单词。所以尽你所能地通过阅读和看视频，甚至从你身边周围的谈话内容记下单词等方法学习语言。将这些单词系统化，适用于你自己：可能是一本笔记本，也可能是教学用的抽认卡。记忆单词时要有创造性。你返回复习单词的频率越高，你就越能记住单词并且运用到写作和交谈对话里。
敲黑板，记重点啦！
总结下来就是：
维度一：词汇量宽度扩宽：
1. 在符合自己水平的阅读材料语境中记单词，同时对单词进行深度学习，包括单词的发音、近义词、反义词、单词的各种形式；
2.随时随地带着小本本追剧，记住单词所在的剧情内容！
3. 记下日常周围环境（如果你旁边有用到你所学习的语言进行对话）对话内容里的陌生单词。
维度二：词汇量深度加深：
1. 频繁复习；
2.创造方法记单词：包括，单词编歌、画图、编故事等；
3.单词分组：根据单词的发音、词性、个人掌握程度等。
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