副词

副词

副词可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语等，具有对这些词进行补充说明的作用，如：

1 副词的常见构成形式

①“形容词+ly"是最常见的副词构成形式，如：patient——patiently，beautiful——beautifully，usual——usually，near——nearly，easy——easily，cheap——cheaply等。

但是也有例外，如：there（那里）、then（那时）、however（然而）、perhaps（也许）、fast（快）等。

②有些以-ly结尾的词，并不一定是副词。在名词后加-ly时，一般构成形容词，如：friendly（友好的）、monthly（每月的）、seasonly(每季的）、daily（每日的）、brotherly（兄弟般的）等。

Judy is a friendly girl.

The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden.

2 副词的比较等级

副词的比较等级与形容词的类似，由它构成的句型也大致相同，只是所修饰的对象不同，如：He is the fastest guy.（此处fastest为形容词的最高级)

He runs fastest .（此处fastest为副词的最高级，注意多数副词的最高级前不用the)

Jenny sings as sweetly as Linda.

He can't jump so high as Tom.

3 方式副词

方式副词的位置通常有三种：①句尾或宾语/动词之后，如：Jason watched the small monkey curiously.(在宾语之后)

It snowed heavily last night.(在动词之后）

②在主语和动词之间，如：Jenny angrily slammed the door behind her.

③用在句子开头，如：Normally,our papers are delivered every morning.

有些方式副词如：bravely，cleverly，cruelly，foolishly，generously、kindly，secretly，simply，badly，naturally等，当位置改变时，其强调的方面也随之变化，如：

He typed the letter very badly.他这封信打得很糟糕。（强调方式）

We badly need a new typewriter.我们非常需要一名新打字员。（强调程度）

You should always speak naturally.你应该一直自然地讲话。（强调方式）

Naturally,I'll accept the invitation.当然，我会接受邀请的。（强调态度）

4 时间副词

（1）时间副词可分为表确定时间的副词和表不确定副词两种。常见的表确定时间的副词有tomorrow、yesterday，last month等，表示明确的时间概念。表不定时间的副词非常多，如already，another day,at once,at last,early,eventually,immediately,just,late,lately,recently,now,nowadays,once,one day,some day,then,these days,suddenly等。

①表确定时间的副词位置一般在句首或句尾，如：This morning I had a telephone call from Jenny. 

I heard from Jack this Monday/yesterday.

② 表不定时间的副词的位置一般放在句首、句尾、实义动词之前和助动词或系动词be之后。如：Recently I often walk to work.（句首）

By the way,have you seen Jack recently?(句尾）

I was recently in London.（系动词后）

（2）already和yet

①already一般不用在否定句和疑问句中，它的位置与非确定性频度副词相同，如：This style is already out of date.

This computer is out of date already.

I've already seen the report.

Jack already knows the truth.

为了特别强调，already也可放在助动词之前。放在句尾时，有时可以强调“比预料的要快些”之意。如：Don't tell me you've eaten it already.

②yet一般用于疑问句和否定句中，通常放在句尾。如：Haven't the new petrol price come into force yet?

The new petrol prices haven't yet come into force.

在否定简略答语中yet常常用在not的后面，如：Has the meeting began?——No,not yet.

5 程度副词

（1）常见的程度副词有quite、almost、altogether、barely、a bit、enough、fairly、hardly、nearly、rather、somewhat、too等。这些词大部分用在所修饰的词语前面，如：

修饰形容词：quite good

修饰副词：quite quickly

修饰动词：I quite like him.

修饰名词：quite an experience (一段颇不寻常的经历）

（2）fairly与rather

fairly通常表示褒义，描述主语所期望的和具有积极意义的情况，表示事物处于好的状态，如：The lecture was fairly good.

rather与quite和fairly语气更强，往往含有“过分”的意思，通常用于描述主语所不愿意或消极的内容，如：She is clever but rather lazy.

This dress is rather old.

I did rather badly in the competition.

rather可与比较级连用，fairly则不能。如：Tom earns rather more than his brother.

My mother is rather better today.

rather可与too连用，强调“过分”的意思，如：This book is rather too easy for the college students.

当与褒义形容词连用时，rather含有“惊人地”的意思，如：I did rather well in the test ，better than I had expected.

rather在与名词连用时，位置很灵活，放在不定冠词前或不定冠词后都行，而fairly只能放在不定冠词后。如：

As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody,1500 lives on the Titanic were lost.It's a rather sad story.(=It's rather a sad story.)

It's a fairly good car.

好的，有关副词的知识今天就分享到这里啦，欢迎大家一起来讨论。

副词