代词可分为人称代词、不定代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词,我们将在接下来的文章里分别叙述。
1 人称代词
人称代词是为了避免重复,用来代替前面提到过的人、动物、事物的词。例如:This is our new car.I bought it last month.(代词it代替名词car)
人称代词根据用法不同而有人称、数和所有格的变化。具体变化如下:
图片引自《SOS英语语法王》A 人称代词的用法
人称代词的主格在句中作主语,第一人称单数 I在句中任何位置都要大写,第二人称you单复数同形,含义要根据句意和上下文决定。如:
I am a teacher,you are a journalist.
人称代词的宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语,如:Please tell me where I should go.(me作动词宾语)
I heard her coming with him.我听说她和他一起来。(her做宾语,him做介词宾语)
人称代词做主语时,其后的谓语动词要跟主语保持一致。在一般现在时和现在进行时中,动词和助动词be有三种不同形式:人称代词I后用am,he/she/it后用is,you/we/they后用are。在一般过去时中,I/he/she/it后用was,you/we/they后用were。如:
She is very kind.
They were listening to the music when she was having her milk.
在一般现在时和现在完成时中,动词或助动词have有两种形式:I/we/you/they用have,he/she后用has。如:
He has done his job.
We have never been to Nanjing.
在一般现在时中,当he和she作主语时,实义动词作谓语要用三单形式。如:
He who laughs last laughs best.
He knows she is an honest girl.
B 人称代词的顺序排列
第一种情况:当一个人称代词和另外一个人称代词或名词并列时,并且是单数人称代词并列,出于礼貌,第一人称总是后置,第二人称则是前置,第三人称位于第二人称之后,第一人称之前。如:
You,he and I will take part in the birthday party on saturday.
第二种情况:当复数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称前置,第三人称后置,第二人称位于两者之间。如:We,you and they are in the same class.
第三种情况:在“及物动词+副词”的结构中,作宾语的人称代词要放在动词和副词之间,而名词则放在副词之后。如:He put on his jacket.
The music is too noisy,please turn it off.
C 代词it的特殊用法
it可以代替前面已经提过的事物,如:Where is my bag? It's on the desk.
it可以代替性别不明的婴儿或动物,如:It's a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?
it可以代替不确定的人或事物,如:Who is it? It's me.
it可以指时间、距离和自然现象等,如:How long is it?
it可以作形式主语,如: It's a good idea to go there.
it也可以作形式宾语,如:I don't think it a good idea.
it可用于习惯用语,如: It doesn't matter.
最后,it可构成强调句型“It is+被强调部分+that(who)+其余部分”,如:
It is not he who wants to have a rest.不是他想休息。
好的,有关人称代词的语法知识,就说到这里啦。感兴趣的朋友们一起来交流哦。
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