NASA is going to pretend a deadly asteroid is on its way, to practise for a real one.
美国国家航空航天局（NASA）计划开展小行星来袭模拟应急演练。
The “tabletop exercise” will allow the space agency and the other government organisations that will be tasked with responding to such an event to simulate their response, ahead of the possibility of a real example.
本次“桌面演练”中，航天局将与其他政府机关一道，对此类事件做出模拟响应，未雨绸缪。
The scenario will see a very realistic but nonetheless fictional disaster, in which an asteroid will be headed for Earth. The scenario has been developed by one of the NASA organisations tasked with studying such near-earth objects, or NEOs.
虽为演习，但小行星冲向地球的模拟场景十分真实。该场景由航天局下属的一家研究近地天体（NEO）的机构开发。
It will bring together not just NASA but other international organisations to test out their response. Such exercises are used across the disaster response sector to ensure that the real responses are as fast and effective as possible.
参与应急响应演练的不仅有航天局，还有其他国际组织。此类演习普遍用于灾害响应部门，确保实际中的响应措施尽可能迅速、有效地得以执行。
“These exercises have really helped us in the planetary defense community to understand what our colleagues on the disaster management side need to know,” said Lindley Johnson, NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer. “This exercise will help us develop more effective communications with each other and with our governments.”
航天局行星防御部官员林德利·约翰逊（Lindley Johnson）表示：“此类演练切实帮助行星防领域从业人士认识到灾害管理领域同事必需具备的知识，有助于我们彼此间、与政府间进行更加有效的沟通。”
NASA and other organisations have spent more than 20 years scanning the skies for NEOs, looking for asteroids and comets that come within 30 million miles of Earth s orbit. Groups such as NASA s Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) as well as the European Space Agency s Space Situational Awareness-NEO Segment and the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) have been working to better communicate the danger that such objects pose to Earth.
二十多年来，航天局和其他组织一直在观察太空，寻找近地天体，搜寻距地球轨道3000万英里（约4828万公里）范围内的小行星和彗星。航天局的行星防御协调办公室（PDCO）正和欧洲航天局空间态势感知近地天体部门（European Space Agency s Space Situational Awareness-NEO Segment）、国际小行星预警网（IAWN）共同努力，就此类星体对地球造成的危险增进沟通。
There is no strict script in such an exercise. Instead, it will be used to test out how NEO observers, space agency officials, emergency managers, decision makers and citizens would respond to the threat of an impact.
此类演习没有明确方案，而是旨在考验近地星体观测人员、航空局官员、应急管理人员、决策人员、市民对地外天体撞击威胁的响应方式。
Those taking part will discuss possible preparations: how they would explore the asteroid, work out the best ways of deflecting it and dealing with its impact effects.
参与人员将共同讨论可能需要的准备工作：如何探测小行星、制定使其偏离轨道并应对撞击影响的最优方案。
NASA has already participated in such exercises, working on some with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Those exercises brought representatives from a variety of different federal agencies, including the departments of Defense and State.
航天局曾参加过此类演习，也与联邦应急管理局（FEMA）共同举办过此类演习。参与者涵盖各联邦机构代表，包括国防部和国务院部门。
Previous exercises showed that the focus of emergency management officials was not on scientific details. Instead, they just want to know when, where and how an asteroid will hit the Earth, as well as what sort of damage is done, according to FEMA.
联邦应急管理局表示，此前的演习表明，应急管理官员的关注重点并非科学细节，而只是想了解小行星会在何时、何地、以何种方式撞击地球，以及会造成何种破坏。
NASA continues to work on that science, however, in an attempt to better improve humanity s ability to predict the exact location and effects of any impact.
不过，航天局将继续在该方面开展科学研究，努力提升人类精确预测撞击地点与撞击影响的能力。
“NASA and FEMA will continue to conduct periodic exercises with a continually widening community of US government agencies and international partners,” said Leviticus Lewis of the Response Operations Division for FEMA. “They are a great way for us to learn how to work together and meet each other s needs and the objectives laid out in the White House National NEO Preparedness Action Plan.”
联邦应急管理局响应行为部的工作人员勒维提克斯·刘易斯（Leviticus Lewis）表示，“航天局和联邦应急管理局将与越来越多的美国政府机构与国际伙伴携手，继续定期开展此类演习。这将极大地帮助我们学习如何协作、满足彼此需求，实现白宫国家近地天体防备行动计划（White House National NEO Preparedness Action Plan）目标。”
关于机构名的翻译，我们之前在分享的一篇文章中有提到>>CATTI考前必备（上） | 英文人名、地名在翻译时如何处理
- 国名和机构名 -
国名一定要准确翻译，不能有丝毫的马虎，译错绝对要扣分。国名一般都能在字典中查到，只是要注意简称和全称的问题。“The United States of America”一定要翻译为“美利坚合众国”；如原文为“USA”，则可译为“美国”。孟加拉国的英文全称是“The People's Republic of Bangladesh”，翻译为“孟加拉人民共和国”，其简称“Bangladesh”，一定要翻译为“孟加拉国”，不能译为“孟加拉”而省略了“国”字。
机构名称也是一样，例如“UNESCO”是缩写，也就是简称，一般译为“教科文组织（联合国系统译法）”、“联合国教科文组织（教科文组织本身的译法）”，这两种都可以。有的考生将“UNESCO”这个简称翻译为全称——“联合国教育、科学及文化组织”，这是一种过度翻译，有画蛇添足之嫌，在国际组织文件翻译中是绝对不允许的，因此在考试中也要扣分。
此译文为译群人翻译团队原创。抛砖引玉，欢迎交流。
我们将在未来几天陆续更新2019年11月CATTI考试实务部分的译文，欢迎关注。
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