外国诗·王尔德

作者: 故紙堆裏寄此生 | 来源:发表于2018-01-11 13:29 被阅读236次
    一生的罗曼史正是从自恋开始。


    《王尔德诗选》小札

    首先,不管我们阅读何种文学体裁的作品,第一选择必定是原著。退而求其次,不懂外语或外语水平不足的读者,应当选择国内学术界公认的权威翻译,最接近原著神韵的翻译。什么是好的翻译?翻译文本读完之后,使你产生强烈阅读原文的冲动。对于「诗歌」一体裁尤其如此。

    关于「诗歌翻译」的一点意见:

    诗歌是可以翻译的,

    也是不可以翻译的。


    为什么说诗歌能够翻译?最主要的原因当然是透过诗歌了解国外的审美趣味与蕴涵的文化;其次,了解吸收国外的诗歌艺术。

    为什么又说诗歌不能够翻译?即诗歌翻译失去的是什么?最主要的也是最重要的就是——语言。以及语言衍生出来的音乐美、押韵、节奏……

    按理来说,我们阅读任何文本,最终目的只是体会「言外之意」,语言只是一种工具,一种形式,一个凭借。对于诗歌来说,语言却是非常重要的,诗歌是有韵律的。如果一定要标明语言的重要性,它至少占一首诗的一半。

    如果你的外语好,最好直接读原著,因为什么东西都是原汁原味最好。我一直认为翻译就是「再创造」,它已经本国化,但是本国化的翻译才是优秀的翻译,如果直译,很可能语句不通,语义不明。特别对于诗歌一类,最好不要读翻译的作品,朱光潜在《诗论》中说:不管是翻译中国诗歌,还是翻译外国诗歌,都是不能翻译的。像英文诗翻译成汉语还好,但是汉语诗是基本不能翻译成功的。比如:昔我往矣,杨柳依依;今我来思,雨雪霏霏。其中「依依」与「霏霏」是带有感情的,是不能翻译出来的。

    再如汪剑钊先生翻译王尔德的诗:

    Her little lips, more made to kiss

    Than to cry bitterly for pain,

    Are tremulous as brook-water is,

    Or roses after evening rain.

    —La Bella Donna Della Mia Mente

    她的樱桃小口生来为亲

    绝不是为痛苦而哭

    翕动如湖面轻漾的涟

    又如夜雨击打后的玫

    ——汪剑钊《记忆中可爱的女郎》

    汪先生的翻译可谓既「达」又「雅」又「信」,但是与原文相比总感觉少了一点什么。比如整首诗是赞美「记忆中的可爱女郎」的,因此在形容女郎的嘴唇时(Or roses after evening rain),汪先生翻译为「又如夜雨击打后的玫瑰」,特别是这个「击打」,容易让人产生误会:似乎有一种被雨击打而衰败的倾向。而本人试着翻译为被夜雨滋润过后的玫瑰:经过夜雨的沐浴,鲜红动人的玫瑰,洗掉了身上的灰尘,含苞待放,娇艳欲滴,恰如美人摄人心魄的红唇。

    其次就是押韵问题,整首诗四句一小节,每小节隔行押韵。汪先生也许为了翻译得更通「达」,没有按照原诗的韵律来翻译。

    鄙人试译如下:

    Her little lips, more made to kiss

    她的细绣红唇(un),生来即为亲吻(en)

    Than to cry bitterly for pain,

    绝不是为了痛苦而哭喊流泪(ei)

    Are tremulous as brook-water is,

    翕动如湖面荡起的波纹(en)

    Or roses after evening rain.

    又如夜雨滋润后的动人玫瑰(ui)

    汪先生把(little lips)翻译成「樱桃小口」,本人则为了押韵把它翻译为「细绣红唇」,这个「细绣」没有强调(little),是因为想营造中国传统刺绣的神韵:精致、认真,一针一线。女郎的红唇就像织物上的惊鸿一瞥。「红唇」则是为了与后面的「亲吻」、「波纹」押韵;同样把(cry)哭喊翻译成「哭喊流泪」也是为了与「玫瑰」押韵。

    说了这么多,其实还是只想强调一点:

    读诗,最好读原文。





    王尔德诗歌欣赏:


    I do possess what none can take away,

    My love, and all the glory of the stars.

    ——At Verona

    我拥有无人可以掠夺的财富,

    我的爱,以及星辰所有的荣光。

    ——《在维罗纳》

    I have made my choice, have lived my poems, and, though

    youth is gone in wasted days,

    I have found the lover’s crown of myrtle better than the poet’s

    crown of bays.

    —Bittersweet Love

    我做出了自己的选择,以诗为生,尽管青春已在虚掷的光阴里消逝,

    我发现,情人的桃金娘花冠要比月桂树编织的诗人桂冠更有魅力。

    ——《金银柳之恋》(标题原文为希腊文)

    Roses and Rue

    I remember we used to meet

    By a garden seat,

    And you warbled each pretty word

    With the air of a bird,

    And your voice had a quaver in it

    Just like a linnet,

    And shook with the last full note

    As the thrush's throat.

    And your eyes, they were green and grey,

    Like an April day,

    But lit into amethyst

    When I stooped and kissed.

    And your hair—well, I never could tie it,

    For it ran all riot

    Like a tangled sunbeam of gold,

    Great fold upon fold.

    You were always afraid of a shower,

    (Just like a flower!);

    I remember you started and ran

    When the rain began.

    I remember I never could catch you,

    For no one could match you;

    You had wonderful luminous fleet

    Little wings to your feet.

    Yet you somehow would give me the prize,

    With a laugh in your eyes,

    The rose from your breast, or the bliss

    Of a single swift kiss

    On your neck with its marble hue,

    And its vein of blue—

    How these passionate memories bite

    In my heart as I write!

    I remember so well the room,

    And the lilac bloom

    That beat at the dripping pane

    In the warm June rain.

    And the colour of your gown,

    It was amber-brown,

    And two yellow satin bows

    From the shoulders rose.

    And the handkerchief of French lace

    Which you held to your face—

    Had a tear-drop left a stain?

    Or was it the rain?

    ‘You have only wasted your life.’—

    (Ah! there was the knife!)

    Those were the words you said,

    As you turned your head.

    I had wasted my boyhood, true,

    But it was for you,

    You had poets enough on the shelf,

    I gave you myself!

    Well, if my heart must break,

    Dear love, for your sake,

    It will break in music, I know;

    Poets' hearts break so.

    But strange that I was not told

    That the brain can hold

    In a tiny ivory cell

    God's Heaven and Hell.

    玫瑰与芸香

    ——汪剑钊(译)

    1

    我记得我们经常相会

    在花园的长椅旁边

    你说出每个可爱的单词

    如同小鸟在空中啼啭

    你的嗓音有一丝震颤

    就像一只蹦跳的红雀

    抖出最后一个圆满的音符

    恰似画眉鸟的歌喉

    你的美眸灰中带绿

    像明媚的四月天

    当我俯身给它们一吻

    却闪烁着紫晶的微光

    你的秀发,我也从不曾编结

    它们总在放肆奔跑

    仿佛相互纠缠的太阳光

    一层又一层地叠加

    2

    你总是害怕抛头露面

    (羞涩如一朵鲜花!)

    我记得某次雨水降临

    你撒开脚丫就跑

    我记得我总撵不上你

    没人能是你的对手

    你敏捷如同电光一闪

    双脚长着一对小翅膀

    有时你也给我一点奖励

    美眸荡漾着笑意

    胸佩一朵玫瑰,或者飞速

    递过至福的亲吻

    你的颈项有大理石的光泽

    隐现蓝色的静脉——

    当我书写的时候,我的心

    忍受着激情的回忆噬咬

    3

    我清楚地记得那房间

    盛开的紫丁香

    伴随六月温暖的雨水

    轻轻扑打着小窗

    还有你长裙的颜色

    是深棕的琥珀色

    两个小小的真丝蝴蝶结

    你香肩上的一朵玫瑰

    还有法兰西风格的手帕

    经常依偎你的香腮——

    是否留下一滴泪痕?

    抑或是一个雨点?

    “你只是在浪费自己的生命,”——

    (哦!这可真是一把刀子!)

    这是你说出的一句话

    当你转过你的身子

    我已浪费我少年的时光,诚然,

    那是为你的缘故

    你的书架摆放着许多诗人

    我还是要把自己呈献

    4

    好吧,倘若我的心脏必须破碎

    我的亲亲,让它为你破碎

    它将在音乐中消融,我明白

    诗人的心脏也是如此破碎

    但奇怪的是没有人告诉过我

    人的头脑只用一个

    细小的牙雕,就容纳了

    上帝的天堂和地狱

    La Bella Donna Della Mia Mente

    She is too fair for any man

    To see or hold his heart's delight,

    Fairer than Queen or courtezan

    Or moonlit water in the night.

    Her hair is bound with myrtle leaves,

    (Green leaves upon her golden hair!)

    Green grasses through the yellow sheaves

    Of autumn corn are not more fair.

    Her little lips, more made to kiss

    Than to cry bitterly for pain,

    Are tremulous as brook-water is,

    Or roses after evening rain.

    Her neck is like white melilote

    Flushing for pleasure of the sun,

    The throbbing of the linnet's throat

    Is not so sweet to look upon.

    As a pomegranate, cut in twain,

    White-seeded, is her crimson mouth,

    Her cheeks are as the fading stain

    Where the peach reddens to the south.

    O twining hands! O delicate

    White body made for love and pain!

    O House of love! O desolate

    Pale flower beaten by the rain!

    记忆中可爱的女郎(标题原文为拉丁语/节选)

    ——汪剑钊(译)

    她的美啊任何男人都不配,

    看了就会把魂儿丢却,

    女王和艳妓都不及她的美,

    甚至水中的夜月也逊色。

    桃金娘的枝叶束起她的长发,

    绿叶映衬她的金发正相宜!

    绿草在秋日玉米的黄穗间

    闪现,也不曾有如此迷人。

    她的樱桃小口生来为亲吻,

    绝不是为痛苦而哭喊,

    翕动如湖面轻漾的涟漪,

    又如夜雨击打后的玫瑰。

    她的颈项洁白如木樨,

    闪现于太阳的光照,

    红雀嗓音的律动

    看来也没有如此美妙。

    红唇轻含洁白的碎玉

    仿佛一劈为二的石榴,

    她的两颊泛起淡红,

    如同向南红透的鲜桃。

    哦,一对素手!哦,娇弱的

    玉体生而为爱为痛苦!

    哦,爱的小屋!哦,多凄凉,

    被风雨击打的苍白小花朵!

    Wasted Days

    (From a Picture Painted by Miss V. T.)

    A fair slim boy not made for this world's pain,

    With hair of gold thick clustering round his ears,

    And longing eyes half veil'd by foolish tears

    Like bluest water seen through mists of rain;

    Pale cheeks whereon no kiss hath left its stain,

    Red under-lip drawn in for fear of love,

    And white throat whiter than the breast of dove—

    Alas! Alas! If all should be in vain.

    Corn-fields behind, and reapers all a-row

    In weariest labour toiling wearily,

    To no sweet sound of laughter, or of lute;

    And careless of the crimson sunset-glow,

    The boy still dreams: nor knows that night is night,

    And in the night-time no man gathers fruit.

    Oxford, Oct. 30th

    虚掷的光阴

    (据V. T.小姐的画作而吟)

    一个纤瘦的英俊少年,不涉尘世之苦,

    浓密的金发耷盖着他的耳轮,

    渴望的眼睛被无谓的泪水半掩,

    像穿越了雨雾的两道蓝幽幽的清泉;

    苍白的脸颊不曾留下任何亲吻的印痕,

    因为惧怕爱而紧抿红色的下唇,

    白皙的颈项比鸽子的胸脯更洁白——

    哀哉!噫吁兮!若是将这一切虚掷。

    背后是田野,刈割者排成一长列,

    在辛苦地从事最辛苦的劳作,

    没有甜蜜的笑声,也没有诗琴响,

    也不会去关心日落时分的红晕,

    那少年仍在做梦:不知黑夜即将来临,

    而在夜黑时光,没有人去采摘鲜果。

    牛津,10月30日

    Le Jardin des Tuileries

    This winter air is keen and cold,

    And keen and cold this winter sun,

    But round my chair the children run

    Like little things of dancing gold.

    Sometimes about the painted kiosk

    The mimic soldiers strut and stride,

    Sometimes the blue-eyed brigands hide

    In the bleak tangles of the bosk.

    And sometimes, while the old nurse cons

    Her book, they steal across the square,

    And launch their paper navies where

    Huge Triton writhes in greenish bronze.

    And now in mimic flight they flee,

    And now they rush, a boisterous band—

    And, tiny hand on tiny hand,

    Climb up the black and leafless tree.

    Ah! cruel tree! if I were you,

    And children climbed me, for their sake

    Though it be winter I would break

    Into spring blossoms white and blue!

    The moon is like a yellow seal

    Upon a dark blue envelope;

    And soon below the dusky slope

    Like a black sword of polished steel

    With flickering damascenes of gold

    Lies the dim Seine, while here and there

    Flutters the white or crimson glare

    Of some swift carriage homeward-rolled.

    杜伊勒利花园

    ——汪剑钊(译)

    这个冬天空气冷透骨髓,

    冷透骨髓的还有冬天的太阳,

    但孩子们正围着我的椅子奔跑,

    像跳舞的一片片细碎黄金。

    有时在花哨的售货亭附近,

    模仿士兵昂首阔步走,

    有时潜伏在荒凉的灌木丛,

    扮演行劫的蓝眼睛强盗。

    有时,老保姆潜心研读自己的

    书本,他们悄悄溜过广场,

    让纸叠的舰队下海远航,

    那里有身子扭曲的海神大铜像。

    现在他们模仿飞行的场景,

    现在冲锋,喧闹的一群——

    小手搭着另一只小手,

    爬上光秃秃的黑树干。

    啊!残忍的树!倘若我是你,

    孩子们爬上来,为了他们,

    哪怕在冬天,我也要

    绽放春天的花朵,姹紫嫣红。

    月亮就像一个黄色的邮戳

    盖上深蓝色的信封;

    很快,在幽暗的山坡下,

    朦胧的塞纳河静躺着,

    像一柄纯钢打造的黑剑,

    闪烁波纹状的金光,

    偶尔有回家的小快船

    发出或白或红的炫目光亮。

    To My Wife:With a Copy of My Poems

    I can write no stately proem

    As a prelude to my lay;

    From a poet to a poem

    I would dare to say.

    For if of these fallen petals

    One to you seem fair,

    Love will waft it till it settles

    On your hair.

    And when wind and winter harden

    All the loveless land,

    It will whisper of the garden,

    You will understand.

    给妻子:题我的一本诗集

    ——汪剑钊《译)

    我写不出华丽的绪言

    作为这些短歌的序曲;

    我胆敢在此说出的只是

    一个诗人到一首诗。

    倘若这些凋落的残花

    能有一朵你觉得美丽,

    爱就会将它吹送,安息

    在你的发丝。

    当北风与冬天让一切凝固,

    一切变成爱的荒原,

    它就会低诉花园的絮语,

    你就会恍然大悟。

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      网友评论

      • 故紙堆裏寄此生:因为这世上唯一比有人品头论足更闹心的事情,就是没有人说三道四。
      • 墨安泊:很喜欢王尔德。😊
        故紙堆裏寄此生:@墨安泊 目前整理了他的长篇小说《道连格雷的画像》和喜剧《不可儿戏》里的金句,等有空继续整理,然后发出来。:heart_eyes:
        墨安泊:@國學上官清晨 毒舌段子手!😂
        故紙堆裏寄此生:@墨安泊 我也喜欢,金句王。:kissing_heart:

      本文标题:外国诗·王尔德

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