在上文（英语的句型（5））介绍了英文的第三种句型的他动构造后，本文详细解说第四种句型的授予构造——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object）。普通的完全及物动词只要跟一个宾语就行了，但是，在这一句型中的完全及物动词后面需要跟两个宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。
间接宾语在拉丁文中被称为“与格”（Dative Case），Dative在英文中的意思是giving，因此对于要跟间接宾语的完全及物动词称为授予动词（Dative Verb）。间接宾语通常是人，而直接宾语通常是事物，但偶尔也有间接宾语不是说人的，例如：He allowed his imagination full play. （他任意胡思乱想。）一般间接宾语在直接宾语之前，但是有时为了加强语气，或使意思更为明白起见，也可以把直接宾语移到间接宾语之前，这是，就必须在间接宾语前加上“to”、“for”、“of”等介词，使之成为介词短语，这样就完全失去宾语的性质了。例如：
He gave me a book. ＝ He gave a book to me. 他给我一本书。
He will buy me a knife. ＝ He will buy a knife for me. 他会给我买把刀。
I wish to ask you a favour. ＝ I wish to ask a favour of you. 我想请你帮个忙。
He played our master a dirty trick. ＝ He played a dirty trick on our master. 他以卑鄙的伎俩对待我们的主人。
但是，如果两个宾语都是简短的代词如it、me、her、him等，间接宾语即使移到直接宾语之后，也无需加介词。例如：
Her mother did not give it her. 她母亲并未把那个给她。
We rather shrank back when she proffered it us. 当她提出那个的时候，我们都退缩了。
注意：上述间接宾语移到直接宾语之后不加介词，是因为省略了介词。不省略介词当然也是可以的，例如：
Please give it to her. （不省略介词，美国用法）
Please give it her. （省略介词，英国用法）
间接宾语多半是人，而且是受惠者：（1）他是获得什么东西、看到什么东西、或听到什么东西的人；或是（2）别人为他做了什么的人。这是间接宾语为数最多的两大类。间接宾语如果不是受惠者，如：He asked me a few questions.（他问了我几个问题。）I can forgive him anything and everything.（我可以原谅他的一切。）等句中的间接宾语是不能得到任何利益的，这时我们就不妨把两个宾语都视为直接宾语。
授予动词可以被细分为四类：
（1） 授予（give）东西
（2） 告知（tell）事情
（3） 贡献（render）服务
（4） 施行（perform）恩惠（有关得失的）
（1）（2）（3）中间接宾语都可以加to改成介词短语，而（4）不能用to，而要用表示目的的介词for来改成介词短语。
只有授予动词如：give, bring, teach, show, ask, send, make, lend, owe, tell, sell, cost, read, write, offer, pass, pay, promise, choose, find, leave, get, play, reach, sing等后面才能跟双宾语，其他的及物动词后面只能接一个宾语。下面就意思相同的动词举例比较如下：
(a) We gave him a watch .(＝gave a watch to him)
(b) We presented him with a watch. (presented a watch to him)
(a) A title was given him.
(b) A title was conferred on him.
(a) He teaches us English.
(b) He instructs us in English.
(a) He asked me a question.
(b) He put a question to me.
以下为具有授予意义的授予动词的惯用句法：
I have given him a month’s warning (notice). 我在一个月前通知他解职。
I gave him the lie in his throat. 我当面责备他撒谎。
To give the devil his due, the enemy are quite brave. 公平地说，敌人是勇敢的。
Your letter has afforded me much pleasure. 接到你的来函，我非常高兴。
He allows his son five hundred dollars a month. 他每月给他儿子五百元。
I’ll lend you all the assistance in my power. 我将尽力给你帮助。
He has sent us word that he is coming. 他传言说要来。
Please forward me any letter that may come. 如果有什么信件寄来请转给我。
He has promised me an appointment. 他答应给我职务。
I will make you some tea. (＝ I will make some tea for you. ) 我去烹点茶来给你喝。
She made herself a new dress. (＝ She made a new dress for herself. ) 她自制了一袭新衣。
She made him a good wife. 她为他做一个好妻子。（ 注：她 会 成 为 一 个 好 妻 子 的。 译 成 She will make a good wife. 句 中 的 make ＝ become. 此 句 为 第 二 句 型， 即“ 主 语 + 谓语 + 补 语”。）
以下为有告知意味的授予动词的用法：
Mr. Wang teaches us English. 王先生教我们英文。
Will you please show me the way to the station？请你告诉我去车站的路好吗？
The children want me to tell them a story. 孩子们要我讲故事给他们听。
Sing me a song before I leave. 在我离开之前唱支歌给我听吧。
Let me read you his letter just received. 让我把他刚来的信念给你听。
以下为有贡献意味的授予动词的用法：
Exercise will do you good. 运动对你是有益的。
A little wine will do you no harm. 喝少量的酒是无害的。
To do him justice, he is not a bad man. 公平地说，他并不是坏人。
Will you do me a favour？请你帮我一个忙好吗？
He has rendered me great help in time of need. 在我贫困时，他给了我不少的帮助。
以下为有得失意味的授予动词的用法：
I will get you a ticket. 我去替你买张戏票来。
This ticket will gain you admission. 你有了这张票即可入场。
I will try to procure you the best terms I can. 我要尽量使你获得好的条件。
The book won him a reputation. 那本书使他出了名。
His slowness lost him the chance. 他太迟钝了，以致于失掉了那个机会。
还有一种变则的授予动词，是只有间接宾语而没有直接宾语，与文法原则相反，故称变则。例句如下：
The dress becomes you very well. 这件衣服你穿了很合适。
Modesty becomes a young man. 年轻人宜彬彬有礼。
I am prepared for the worst that can befall me. 我已有准备来应付可能到来的最坏的情形。
This house cost me thirty thousand dollars. 这幢房子花了我三万元。
How long did it take you to master English？你多久才把英文学好的？
This coat has lasted me five years. 这件衣服我穿了五年。
My knowledge of English stood me in good stead. 我的英文知识给了我很大的好处。
在第四种句型的构造有下列三种形式：
1. 主语+授予动词+名称（代词）+名词（S. + Vt. + Noun (Pronoun) + Noun）
I gave John (him) the book.
I bought John (him) the book.
I asked John (him) the question.
2. 主语+授予动词+名称（代词）+ how (when, where, what, which)不定式（S. + Vt. + Noun (Pronoun) + how (when, where, what, which) + to-Infinitive）
I taught John (him) how to drive a car.
Did he tell you when to start？
Please show me where to find them.
He told me what to do next.
He showed me which (which way) to choose.
3. 主语+授予动词+名称（代词）+ that (what, which, who, how, when, where, why, if, whether)从句（S. + Vt. + Noun (Pronoun) + that (what, which, who, how, when, where, why, if, whether) Clause）
He told me that he did not know it.
He asked me what was the right way to do it.
Will you tell me which (which book) you have read？
He does not tell me who is going with us.
He does not tell us whom he is going to bring.
He asked me how (where, when, why) I was going to do it.
Will you ask him if (whether) he is coming with us？
《英语的句型》前一篇文章，请看以下链接：
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（注：摘自钱歌川的《翻译的技巧》）
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