今年的经济形势一言难尽,懂的都懂。4月份,全国城镇调查失业率为6.1%,其中16-24岁青年失业率达18.2%,创历史新高。今天这篇推送,我们关注今年大学生就业难的问题。
原文选自网络,译文及讲解部分为译群人翻译团队原创。分上下两部分推送,今日推送上半部分。
今天的原文长这样:
截至4月中旬,求职应届毕业生15.4%已签约。男性应届毕业生签约率远高于女性,达22.2%。硕士毕业生签约率比较去年下降13%。已签约毕业生平均签约月薪为6507元人民币,较2021年的7395元人民币下降约12%。签约月薪达10000元人民币及以上的占比10.7%,较去年减少约8.5%。
第一句
截至4月中旬,求职应届毕业生15.4%已签约。
这一句结构比较简单:时间状语+主干
截至:as of...
主干:求职应届毕业生15.4%已签约
主语:应届毕业生。它有一个修饰词“求职”,你可以选择把它放在后面,做后置定语,也可以放在前面,做前置定语:...seeking employment/job-seeking...
谓宾:sign employment contracts,或者简单的用一个find a job。
简单地写两个译文:
As of mid-April, 15.4 percent of this year’s graduates seeking employment have signed their names on employement contracts.
As of mid-April, 15.4% of the job-seeking graduates have signed employment contracts/found a job.
第二句
男性应届毕业生签约率远高于女性,达22.2%。
...高于...,很容易想到比较句型:A is higher than B。还可以用词缀out-,outnumber。
主语提取一下,应该是“签约率”:proportion. “男性应届毕业生”就是它的修饰成分了。考虑到上一句刚刚说的“求职应届毕业生15.4%已签约”,那么这里可以不用再次重复“签约率”,直接将句式简化为:其中男性占多少,远高于女性:
To be more specific, the male take up 22.2%, heavily outnumbering the female.
写到这里,小小总结一下表示“占比”的英文表达:
Take up, occupy, account for, make up, represent
European orders represented 30 percent of our sales last year. 欧洲订单占了我们去年销售额的30%。
Women officers make up 13 percent of the police force. 女警察构成警力的13%。
然后有时候也可以灵活,比如contribute:
True, "renewables" contribute 8 per cent of primary energy in the US, nearly as much as nuclear, but read the fine print. 诚然,在美国的一级能源中,“可再生能源”的占比达到8%,与核能相近。但是请看看细节。
也可以用同位语,比如:
Not only does the country spend much more on health care than its peers—18 percent of GDP in 2016— but that investment has failed to translate into better outcomes.美国在医疗保健方面的开销不仅超过了其他发达国家(2016年占GDP的18%),而且这一开支并没有带来更好的改善。
也可以用签约率做主语,把“高于”这个成分放到非限定定从里,主干即为:男性应届毕业生达22.2%。这时动词可以用hit;
22.2%即为非限定定从的先行词嘛,也就是这个数字“超过”了女性:exceeds,或者用way higher than。
译文:
The employment rate of male graduates hits 22.2%, which far exceeds/way higher than that of female graduates.
再多提一嘴,写比较句的时候,很多人容易翻逻辑错误的问题。在这句话中就体现在that of,that指代the rate,对比的是rate,而不是rate和graduates。举几个其他例子:
原文:多相流是在流体力学、传热传质学、物理化学、燃烧化学等多学科的基础上发展起来的一门新兴学科。
错误:Multiphase flow is an emerging discipline on the basis of hydrodynamics, heat, mass transfer, physiochemistry, combustion theory and other disciplines.
正确:The research on multiphase flow is an emerging discipline on the basis of hydrodynamics, heat, mass transfer, physiochemistry, combustion theory and other disciplines.
因为multiphase flow本身并不是一个学科。
原文:但作为国际社会中重要一员,中国未来20年的城市化进程必将对全球产生比较深远的影响。
错误:But as a major member of the international community, China’s progress in urbanization will surely produce effect upon the world in the coming two decades.
正确:But as a major member of the international community, China, with its progress in urbanization, will surely produce a profound effect upon the world in the coming two decades.
第三句
硕士毕业生签约率比较去年下降13%。
这句话比较简单。先顺着句子来。
主语:硕士毕业生签约率
谓语:下降
比较去年:year on year
译文:
The employment rate of graduates with a master’s went down by 13% year on year.
或者我们尝试转变思路,把“下降”当做主语:a 13% drop from last year is seen...
“硕士毕业生签约率”就自然而然变成状语了。
译文:
A 13% drop from last year is seen in master's graduates signing contracts.
第四句
已签约毕业生平均签约月薪为6507元人民币,较2021年的7395元人民币下降约12%。
句型很明显: 上半句主干,下半句是补充说明成分——插入语
主语:已签约毕业生平均签约月薪
可以看出来中心词是“薪”,但是其他修饰词真的有点多……
需要先科普的是签约薪资这个概念。国外有两种薪资,一个是full-time salary, 还有一个是contract salary。full-time salary就是我们这里说的,你签约成为一家公司的全职员工,然后拿的就是full-time salary。
那么与之相对的contract salary更多是自雇人士(the self-employed)拿的,他们作为一家公司的外部承包商,按照所承接的项目量拿相对应的酬劳,比如我们译群人翻译团队从甲方爸爸那里拿的就是contract salary……
所以此句中的“签约月薪”建议还是用full-time salary更好一些。
谓语:为。除了be动词,也可以换其他表达,比如stand at...
较...下降12%: a 12% decline from..../..., down by about 12% from....
写几个译文:
The average full-time salary for graduates is RMB 6,507 a month, a 12 percent decline from RMB 7,395 in 2021.
The full-time monthly salary of graduates stands at 6,507 yuan on average, down by about 12% from 7,395 yuan in 2021.
第五句
签约月薪达10000元人民币及以上的占比10.7%,较去年减少约8.5%。
这句话句子结构跟上一句是一样的,主语可以定位“占比”:the percentage.
此时,“签约月薪达10000元人民币及以上”均为它的修饰成分:...of those receiving a full-time monthly salary of RMB10,000 and above
译文:
The percentage of those receiving a full-time monthly salary of RMB10,000 and above is/stands at 10.7 percent, down about 8.5 percent from last year.
或者把主语定为“人”: 10.7% of them:
10.7% of them get a full-time monthly salary of no less than 10,000 yuan, an approximately 8.5% decrease year on year.
未完待续。
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