本文节选自《经济学人》2019.08.03期的一篇文章,讲述了毕业季,越来越多的大学生找不到工作的社会情况。
本文共节选4段,建议大家先自主阅读原文,再学习精读笔记。
文末会总结此次学习写作可以使用的词句,读者也可自己总结。会定期将内容进行总结,做成word分享,希望大家也能坚持学习
1
Throngs of young people roam around the makeshift booths in an exhibition hall in northern Beijing. They are at a job fair organized by the municipal government, aimed at unemployedcollege graduates. Like most jobseekers in attendance, Su Jian has brought along a stack of CVs to hand out to prospective employers. But Mr Su, who graduated in June from a second-tier university in the capital, is unimpressed by what he sees.
throngs of:throng表示一大群人,throngs of people或者 a throng of people表示一大群人【词组积累】
roam around:闲逛,漫游。wander也有游荡,闲逛,漫步的意思,去年的流浪地球的翻译就是The Wandering Earth。【词组积累】
makeshift booths:临时摊位,makeshift表示临时的【词汇积累】
exhibition hall:展览厅
a job fair:人才招聘会,fair有展销会的意思,展销会是为了展示产品和技术、拓展渠道、促进销售、传播品牌而进行的一种宣传活动,a job fair即展销工作岗位的机会,即人才招聘会【词汇积累】
municipal government:市政府
aim at:针对……,文中指的是针对待业的大学毕业生而组织的人才招聘会【词组积累】
unemployed:有失业的和待业的两个意思。英文解释为:without a job although able to work,因此这个词两个中文意义都可以使用,但理解时需自行根据context进行鉴别。【词汇积累】
jobseeker in attendance:jobseeker指的是求职者;in attendance表示出席的,在场的,作为后置定语修饰jobseekers【词汇积累】
bring along a stack of CVs:bring along 意为“带来,随身携带”,a stack of表示一摞,一打,如a stack of books,CV即curricular vitae简历【词组积累】
prospective employers:潜在的雇主,prospective表示未来的,潜在的
a second-tier university:二流大学
is unimpressed by:印象平平,不为所动【词组积累】
一大群年轻人游荡在北京北部的一个展览厅的临时摊位上,他们正在参加市政府组织的专门针对待业的大学毕业生的人才招聘会。和出席大多数求职者一样,SuJian随身带着一叠简历,准备递交给潜在的雇主。但6月毕业于首都二流大学的Su先生,对此不为所动。
2
Chinese universities produced a record 8.3m graduates this summer. That is more than the entire population of Hong Kong, and up from 5.7m a decade ago. Tougher visa policies in much of the West mean that China will also receive nearly half a million returning graduates from foreign institutions this year. It is not a propitious time to enter the job market. China’s economy,buffeted by the trade war with America, is growing at its slowest pace in nearly 30 years. This year fully two-thirds of all workers joining the labour force will be university graduates, up from around half just three years ago. Mr Su wonders whether the number of graduates has outstrippedthe labour market’s ability to absorb them.
produced a record 8.3m graduates this summer,is up from 5.7m a decade ago:produce sb:栽培;培养,a record新纪录,修饰后面的8.3m graduates,组合一下即培养了830万毕业生,创历史新高。后面is up from 5.7,m a decade ago,做进一步比较,比10年前570万更高。【熟词僻义】
tougher visa policies:更严格的签证政策,tough表示强硬、严格的,用来形容一些规章制度必须严格遵守,不得徇私,可以和rules等搭配【搭配】
China will also receive graduates from foreign institutions:receive有接纳,允许加入的意思,to officially recognize and accept sb as a member of a group,这里指中国将会接收来自国外机构的毕业生。【搭配】
propitious:有利的[prə'pɪʃəs],和advantageous的释义(good or useful in a particular situation)相比,propitious的释义(likely to produce a successful result)更注重结果,故这个单词也有吉祥、吉利的意思。【词汇积累】
job market:就业市场
buffeted by:受到……冲击、影响,buffet熟义为自助餐,这里buffet作动词,buffet sb/sth有推来搡去的意思,be buffeted by引申为受到……冲击,影响的意思【熟词僻义】
sth is growing at its slowest pace:某事物正以最慢的速率前进,以经济为主语,即经济发展正处于波谷【词组积累】
the labour force:劳动力群体
outstrip:超过
中国大学这个夏天培养出830万毕业生,创历史新高,这比整个香港人口数还要多,也比10年前的570万有提升。西部的大多数地方更严格的签证政策意味着将近50万毕业生会从国外教育机构返回中国。这个时候并不适合进入就业市场。受到贸易战的影响,中国经济到达了近30年的波谷。今年,2/3加入劳动力群体的人员将会是大学生,而3年前只有一半。Su先生想知道为什么毕业生的数量会比劳动市场的需求要大。
3
As recently as the early 1990s the government simply assigned graduates to jobs. It no longerdictates people’s lives so crudely, but it is clearly worried about what will happen if they do not find work. Last month the government announced measures aimed at getting more graduates into work. Small firms that hire unemployed graduates can apply for a tax rebate. The national system of household registration, hukou, which restricts where people can receive subsidised public services, will be kinder to new graduates. The new rules instruct all provincial capitals (but not megacities such as Beijing and Shanghai) to make it easier for graduates to apply for local hukou, boosting labour mobility.
As recently as the early 1990s:as recently as表示最近,如as recently as a few days ago就在前几天,是为了强调时间距离近。这里as recently as the early 1990s可以翻译为就在20世纪90年代初期【词组积累】
assign graduates to jobs:毕业生分配就业,assign sb to jobs【词组积累】
dictate people’s lives:dictate 支配;摆布;决定to control or influence how sth happens【词汇积累】
crudely:crude表示“粗略的、简略的”,dictate people’s lives crudely,表示简单地或随意决定人们的生活,和前面的simply意义相似【词汇积累】
measures aimed at doing sth:旨在……的措施
getting sb into work:给某人安排进工作(也就是让人找到工作)【词组积累】
apply for:申请
tax rebate:减税,rebate指折扣
household registration:户籍登记
subsidised public services:subsidize表示补助,给……补助金,这里指的是补贴的公共服务
be kinder to:对……更友善。这里可以用来形容政策对某些人群更友善【词组积累】
megacity:大都市【词汇积累】
就在20世纪90年代初期,政府简单地把工作分配给毕业生,但现在则不再这样随意地决定人们的生活。但是政府显然担心如果他们没找到工作,会发生什么。上个月,政府宣布了旨在让毕业生找到工作的措施。雇佣待业的毕业生的小公司能够申请减税。可以限制人们获得补贴的公共服务所在区域的国家户籍制度-户口,会对新毕业生更加友好。新的制度指示所有省会(但不是北京和上海之类的大城市)让毕业生更容易获得当地户口,促进劳动力流动。
4
Graduates who want to start their own businesses may be eligible for a state loan with little or no collateral, the ministry of human resources says. Those who cannot get hired and lackentrepreneurial drive are invited to visit one of its many local branches for “one-on-one assistance”. Local governments are also trying to help. One city in Guangxi province announced on July 26th that helping graduates find jobs had become “the utmost priority”.
be eligible for:对……有资格,有资格得到【词组积累】
a state loan:国家贷款
with little or no collateral:只有一点或无抵押品。collateral[kə'læt(ə)rəl]抵押品,担保品【词汇积累】
the ministry of human resources:人力资源部
entrepreneurial drive:创业动力
the utmost priority:当务之急,sth has become the utmost priority【词组积累】
人力资源部说,想要自己创业的毕业生,即使没多少抵押,或许也能得到一笔国家贷款。那些没有工作,并缺乏创业动力的毕业生,将被邀请拜访当地其中一所支部进行“一对一帮助”。当地政府也试图提供帮助。广西省的一个城市在7月26日宣布帮助毕业生就业已成了“当务之急”。
总结
a job fair:人才招聘会,fair有展销会的意思,展销会是为了展示产品和技术、拓展渠道、促进销售、传播品牌而进行的一种宣传活动,a job fair即展销工作岗位的机会,即人才招聘会【词汇积累】
unemployed:有失业的和待业的两个意思。英文解释为:without a job although able to work,因此这个词两个中文意义都可以使用,但理解时需自行根据context进行鉴别。【词汇积累】
jobseeker in attendance:jobseeker指的是求职者;in attendance表示出席的,在场的,作为后置定语修饰jobseekers【词汇积累】
propitious:有利的[prə'pɪʃəs],和advantageous的释义(good or useful in a particular situation)相比,propitious的释义(likely to produce a successful result)更注重结果,故这个单词也有吉祥、吉利的意思。【词汇积累】
dictate people’s lives:dictate 支配;摆布;决定to control or influence how sth happens【词汇积累】
crudely:crude表示“粗略的、简略的”,dictate people’s lives crudely,表示简单地或随意决定人们的生活,和前面的simply意义相似【词汇积累】
megacity:大都市【词汇积累】
makeshift booths:临时摊位,makeshift表示临时的【词汇积累】
with little or no collateral:只有一点或无抵押品。collateral[kə'læt(ə)rəl]抵押品,
担保品【词汇积累】
throngs of:throng表示一大群人,throngs of people或者 a throng of people表示一大群人【词组积累】
roam around:闲逛,漫游。wander也有游荡,闲逛,漫步的意思,去年的流浪地球的翻译就是The Wandering Earth。【词组积累】
aim at:针对……,文中指的是针对待业的大学毕业生而组织的人才招聘会【词组积累】
bring along a stack of CVs:bring along 意为“带来,随身携带”,a stack of表示一摞,一打,如a stack of books,CV即curricular vitae简历【词组积累】
is unimpressed by:印象平平,不为所动【词组积累】
sth is growing at its slowest pace:某事物正以最慢的速率前进,以经济为主语,即经济发展正处于波谷【词组积累】
As recently as the early 1990s:as recently as表示最近,如as recently as a few days ago就在前几天,是为了强调时间距离近。这里as recently as the early 1990s可以翻译为就在20世纪90年代初期【词组积累】
assign graduates to jobs:毕业生分配就业,assign sb to jobs【词组积累】
getting sb into work:给某人安排进工作(也就是让人找到工作)【词组积累】
be kinder to:对……更友善。这里可以用来形容政策对某些人群更友善【词组积累】
be eligible for:对……有资格,有资格得到【词组积累】
the utmost priority:当务之急,sth has become the utmost priority【词组积累】
tougher visa policies:更严格的签证政策,tough表示强硬、严格的,用来形容一些规章制度必须严格遵守,不得徇私,可以和rules等搭配【搭配】
China will also receive graduates from foreign institutions:receive有接纳,允许加入的意思,to officially recognize and accept sb as a member of a group,这里指中国将会接收来自国外机构的毕业生。【搭配】
buffeted by:受到……冲击、影响,buffet熟义为自助餐,这里buffet作动词,buffet sb/sth有推来搡去的意思,be buffeted by引申为受到……冲击,影响的意思【熟词僻义】
produced a record 8.3m graduates this summer,is up from 5.7m a decade ago:produce sb:栽培;培养,a record新纪录,修饰后面的8.3m graduates,组合一下即培养了830万毕业生,创历史新高。后面is up from 5.7,m a decade ago,做进一步比较,比10年前570万更高。【熟词僻义】
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