The shift was enormous.
Around 40,000 people had to change how they did their jobs. Three elements were important.
First, staff had to understand how customers were using cloud-based services, so that they could be encouraged to use them more. This required 5,000 specialist hires.
Second, to permit existing sales staff to concentrate on attracting and retaining customers, they had to be relieved of some duties, such as preparing sales forecasts.
Internal review meetings were reduced, including an intimidating ordeal known as the mid-year review in which senior executives grilled employees—and for which workers spent lots of time cramming like students for a test.
Lastly, salespeople needed an incentive to put in the work to flog the new products, which were potentially less lucrative for them than the old fixed-term contracts. This involved a greater use of performance bonuses.
这是《经济学人》8月刊的一篇文章'Send in the clouds'4-6段，共有6句。
1、
{'enormous':'adj.巨大的'}
直接翻译：这个转变是巨大的。
2、
这句话注意'around'除了围绕，环绕之外，还有'大约'的意思，整句话翻译就是：大约有4万人不得不改变他们已有的工作模式。有三个要素是比较重要的。
3、
首先，员工需要了解客户是如何使用云基础服务的，这样才能促进他们继续使用，这个需要雇佣5000左右专业人才。
4、
relieved of ：解除
第二、允许现有的销售人员（将工作）聚焦在吸引和留存客户上面，他们需要从一些工作职责中解脱出来，比如准备销售预测。
5、
{'intimidating':'令人胆怯，害怕的'}
{'ordeal':'磨难'}
{'executives ':'经理，部门领导'}
{'grilled':'审问，责问'}
{'cramming':'塞满，死记硬背'}
这句话关键词语为' intimidating ordeal',大意就是'令人害怕的折磨'。接下来看到'in which'，这里意思为'in mid-year review'，然后'for which'，意思为'for workers'，那么整句试着翻译：内部的总结会议要减少，包括令人害怕的人们熟知的年中总结会议，会上有来自部门经理对员工的拷问，对于员工来说花费大量的时间死记硬背，就像学生应对测试似的。
6、
{'incentive':'刺激，激励'}
{'lucrative':'adj.赚大钱的'}
performance bonuses ：绩效奖金
{'involved':'需要'}
这句话找到'which'，仔细观察句子，发现是代指前面的'flog the new products'，整句话试着翻译：最后，销售人员需要一些激励，以便他们去销售新的产品，这些新产品（which）对于他们来说，潜在的收入要比老的固定期限合约的要少，这就需要使用更多的绩效奖金。
总结：
单词部分：
{'enormous':'adj.巨大的'}
{'intimidating':'adj.令人胆怯，害怕的'}
{'ordeal':'磨难'}
{'executives ':'n.经理，部门领导'}
{'grilled':'审问，责问'}
{'cramming':'塞满，死记硬背'}
{'incentive':'刺激，激励'}
{'lucrative':'adj.赚大钱的'}
{'involved':'v.需要'}
performance bonuses ：绩效奖金
relieved of ：解除
这句话有一些代词，注意观察他们所指代的内容就好，其他没有什么复杂语法。
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