中译英比较令人头疼的是什么?应该有人会说:一时半会无法反应出用什么样的句式。
我们之前分享过利用双语词典里的例句为中译英提供翻译灵感,比如:
他感叹,过去400年中国对科学技术的贡献远低于它本应达到的水平。
“感叹”一词,如果想不到lament,可以先从原文语境入手,先想到shame,将原文转换为:他觉得很可惜。
再到词典中查shame, 会看到双语例句类似是这样的:It was a crying shame that they lost the game. 他们输了这场比赛真是太可惜了。
It was a crying shame that...这个句式就可以直接套用,他觉得过去四百年中国做的贡献不够多这件事情真是太可惜了,然后大概可以写出这样的译文:
He thought it was a crying shame that China's contribution to science and technology in the past 400 years had been vastly below what it could have achieved.
今天分享另一种中译英组句灵感:通过关键词在网络上搜索现成的、可供参考的英文句子,也可以管这叫“平行文本”。
比如10月翻译群某次练习里的这个句子:
最终报告的篇幅超过了两百万单词。
短短一句话。但总有译友纠结这个“篇幅”,一直想用the length of the final report做主语。
此时,我们可以先从这个句子中提炼出需要搜索的关键词:
报告——report, article, paper...
篇幅——length
单词——words
然后将report, length, words这三个词放到谷歌里搜索一下(不一定每次搜索都全部带上),就会看到很多关于描述文章篇幅的英文表达,比如以下:
While most feature articles are at least 500 words in length, the editor may decide that they need something a bit shorter due to page layout. Also, don’t be surprised if some of your features end up being 2000 words or more.
Notice that a 5+ point essay has length exceeding 500 words
……
从而可以提炼出以下句式:
(An article) is XX words in length.
(An article) ends up being XXX words.
(An article) has length exceeding XXX words.
上述句式都可以妥妥表达“某份材料篇幅为多少字”。
其中,最后一个句式出现了exceed这个词,我们还可以想到其他表达“达到、超过”的动词,去替换exceed,从而丰富语言表达。比如:
Run to: to reach a particular amount达到〔一定数量〕
再单独在词典中搜索run to,结合本文开篇提到的通过双语词典例句寻找可用句式表达,会在词典里看到这样的例句:
The treaty ran to 248 pages. 条约长达248页。
从而再多总结出一个句式:
(An article) runs to XXX words/pages.
连length都省了。
所以,这个句子:最终报告的篇幅超过了两百万单词。可以有的译法有:
The final report is more than 2 million words in length.
The final report ends up being more than 2 million words.
The final report has length exceeding 2 million words.
The final report runs to more than 2 million words.
很好用的中译英组句小窍门,下次试试吧~~
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