自译：Every graduate students: you are now leaving the school and I have nothing to give but a word.
张培基：Dear students of the Graduating Class, As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice.
诸位毕业同学：你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送你们，只好送你们一句话罢。
1.Dear 诸位
2.毕业同学为"students of the Graduating Class,"毕业班的学生
3.母校为"alma mater"
4.没有礼物送为"offer sb. as a gift"
5.除了为"except"
6.这里的话指的是对毕业的同学最后的告诫，所以是"a word of advice"
自译：This word of advice goes like this,"never give up the pursuit of seeking knowledge". Maybe previous largely academic work you have done is for this graduate diploma and did not out of your true heart.Now, you can do your research at your own will. Take the advantage of your youth and endeavor to do a specific research because youth is like an arrow and would not come back again. When you are physical decay, there is no time to do it. Although you do this to earn your bread, the work you have done will never let you down. Eating without studying, you will be winnowed out and replaced by later young man after three or five years. It would be too late to do it.
张培基：My advice is,"Never give up the pursuit of learning." You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by younger people. It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again.
这一句话是:“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问绝不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。
1.My advice is就可以了，不用那么冗长
2.the pursuit of learning就好了，the pursuit of seeking knowledge重复了，“不要抛弃学问”就是“不要放弃对学问的追求”
3.原文“以前的功课”是名词短语，翻译的时候灵活一点，可以翻成动词短语，把握原文意思是关键，而不是语言的形式，"have perhaps finished your college courses mostly",因为是大学，所以以前的功课指的就是大学的课程。
4.“为了文凭”翻译成“for obtaining the dilopma”, 为了获得文凭
5.译文增加了"，or， in other words, "指的是相同意思的不同表达方法，表达了逻辑含义。
6.“不得已而做的”也就是“必须做的”，逆向思维译成"out of sheer necessity"
7.然后，译文翻译出了“however”,表达这里语意有转折，所以要注意句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，并在翻译的时候，标记逻辑关系。
8. from now on 从今以后
to follow one's bent = follow one's inclination "做自己感兴趣或爱做的事"
9.“趁”译为“While…,why not…?”“趁”这个字体现了劝说之意，就是说“在…你应该做…”
10.“年富力强”译为 in the prime of life
青春年华 in the flower of life, in the very season of pleasure
11.“努力做”也可不必古板地按照字面意思来翻译成try to, endeavor to也可，而译文翻译成“devote yourself to”
12.“一种专门学问”译为"a special field of study"
13.“少年是一去不复返的”译为"Youth will soon be gone never to return."个人觉得有些奇怪，感觉有些不符合语法。
14.接下来的“做学问”就是"go into scholarship",这是为了词汇照应 = to engage in learning
15.“精力衰时”译为“in one's declining years”
16.“即为吃饭计，学问绝不会辜负人的”译为“Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence”这一句清除地体现了中文思维和英文思维的碰撞。首先，中文喜欢蜿蜒曲折，像一个扭捏的小姑娘，说了一堆理由和一些不相关的话，最后才说出重点，而原文就是先说出即使这样的让步从句，然后说学问的好处; 而英文不是这样的，英文喜欢开门见山，既然学问是有好处的，那么那些让步从句通通摆在后面即可。其次，该句子用逆向思维来翻译“绝不辜负人”，而“绝不辜负人”就是对人有益”的意思，所以翻译为“do you a good turn”.“即为”，是“即使作为”的意思，译为"even as"就好了。“吃饭计”这个词比较大白话，其实也就是“生计”的意思，也就是"a means of subsistence",也就是“存活的手段”。
17.“吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要…”中文看似零散，但其中有包含着“如果你…，你就会…”条件状语从句这样的逻辑，所以要挑明出来，“If you…，you will…”
18.“吃饭而不求学问”这个句子有转折的含义，所以用“while”连接，而“吃饭”并不是表面的意思，而是为了生计而不得不做的活动，也就是“从事工作”的意思，译为"hold a job", 而“不求学问”也不简简单单就是不去追求学问的意思，这里的“不求学问”是曾经求学但是因为工作的原因而放弃追求学问。
19.“三年五年之后”中“三年五年”是个虚数，是“过几年”的意思，译为"in a couple of years"的意思
20.
自译：somebody says,"When you have work to do, are there any time for us to study? There is no library, no experiment room how can we study, even if we have a heart to study."
张培基: Some people say,"Once you have a job, you'll come up against the urgent problem of making a living. How can you manage to find time to study? Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or laboratory available?"
有人说:“出去做事之后，生活问题急需解决，哪有工夫去读书? 即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问?”
1.“出去做事”为"have a job"
2.“生活问题急需解决”译为"come up against the urgent problem of making a living"
PHRASAL VERB If you come up against a problem or difficulty, you are faced with it and have to deal with it. 面临
We came up against a great deal of resistance in dealing with the case.
我们在处理该案件时碰到了很多阻力。
3.“有工夫去”为"manage to find time to"，“有”这个词可不必字对字翻译，这里的有工夫是“可以挤出时间”的意思，相对于主语而言，他有工作，时间被占用的太多，但是空余时间是肯定有的，只是看你愿不愿意把时间花在这上面。
4.“哪能”为"will it be possible "
5.“没有”为"with no…avaible",这里的“没有”是无法轻易得到的意思
自译:I will tell you this: Those who study only when there is library will never study.Those who do research only when there is a experiment room will never do research. Only are you in possession of resolution to research a problem, you would tighten your belt to buy books and equipments.
张培基:Now let me tell you this. Those who refuse to study for lack of a library will most probably continues to do so even though there is a library. And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available. As long as your set your mind on studies, you will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary intruments.
我要对你们说: 凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。凡是要等到有了实验室方才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究。你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食去买书，自然也会想出法子来设置仪器。
1.“我要”译为"let me"是英文思维吗？
2.“凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书” 译为"those who refuse to study for lack of a library will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library",中译英不是翻译其字面语言，而是要把语言内部的逻辑关系翻译出来，这句话的逻辑是之前不肯读书，以没有图书馆为借口，即便有了图书馆，他也会持续原来的状态，“will most probably”这个词用的很妙，"even though"是让步逻辑词。这句话可以分为两个时间段，第一个时间段是没有图书馆，主语不肯读书，第二个时间段是虚拟状态，假设有了图书馆，主语有极大的持续其原来状态的可能性，所以主语的说法不过是托辞而已。
3.“…，有了实验室也不肯做研究”和上一句话是对仗的，为了词汇照应，不重复，译为"a laboratory is available "与"there is a library"相照应。
4.As long as, 原文包含了“只要…就…”的逻辑
5.“有了决心要研究一个问题”为"set your mind on studies"
6.“撙衣节食”即“省吃省穿”，"cut down on food and clothing", "to cut down on" 是成语= to economize on 也可译为“to live frugally”
7.“想出法子来设置仪器”为"do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments"，“设置仪器”是“取得仪器”的意思，acquire也可与knowleage搭配
As for time, it is not even a problem. Darwin was ill all his life, and for this reason his body was not allowed to do much work and only can do an hour's work everyday. What great achievements is he made! Spending time on reading 10 pages of some useful books, you can read 3600 pages of books, and 11000 pages of book in 30 years.
张培基:Time is no object.Charles Drawin could only work one hour a day due to ill health.Yet what a remarkable man he was! If you spend one hour a day reading10 pages of a book, you can finish more than 3,600 pages a year, and 110,000 pages in 30 years.
1.“至于时间，更不成问题”为"Time is no object","no object"为成语=no problem,“不成问题”
2.“一生多病”译为英文时放在后面，译为"due to ill health",把原因造成的结果放在前面
3.第一次出现"pages of a book",接下来的“of a book ”省略，为了简洁
Dear students, 11000 pages of book is enough for you to be a scholar. However, It took one hour for you to watch three kinds of newspaper and one and a half hour to playing majing. Watching newspaper and playing majiang, or endeavor to be a scholar, that all depends on you.
张培基:Dear student, 110,000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man of you. It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one and half hours to finish four rounds of maj-jong a day. Reading tabloids, playing maj-jong or striving to be a learned man, the choice lies with you.
诸位，11万页书可以使你成一个学者了。可是，每天看三种小报也得费你一点钟的工夫，四圈麻将也得费你一点半的光阴。看小报呢？还是打麻将呢？还是努力做一个学者呢？全靠你们自己的选择!
1.“可以使你成一个学者了”为"will be quite enough to make a learned man of you"
2.tabloid 小报
3.one and half hours
4.“四圈麻将”译为"finish four rounds of mah-jong "
5. Reading tabloids, playing mah-jong or striving to be a learned man, the choice lies with you.
Yi Pusheng said,"The mission of you is to hone yourself into a useful man."
Knowledge is the tool for that. When you give up the pursuit for knowledge, you give up yourself.
Goodbye! Your alma mater will witness what achievement you have made by yourself.
张培基:Henrik Ibsen says,"It is your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement."
Learning is the casting mould. Forsake learning, and you will ruin yourself.
Farewell! Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what will become of you ten years from now.
易卜生说:“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。”
学问便是铸器的工具。抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。
再会了!你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器。
1.Henrik Ibsen外国人名
2. It is your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement.
你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器
3.“铸器的工具”为"the casting mould"
4.forsake doing sth.
5.“再会了”为"Farewell",用法比较正式
6.“眼睁睁地要看”为"is watching eagerly to see"
7.“你们十年之后成什么器”为"what will become of you ten years from now"
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