译者/院校长在学习

原文出自wikiHow

How to Become an Autodidact

如何成为一个自学者？

06/29/2016

Three Parts:Making a StartUsing the Swarm StrategyKeeping an Essay Blog

本文重点分三个部分：立即行动，群体策略（主题学习），坚持博客输出

An autodidact is someone who teaches themselves about a subject or subjects in which they do not have any formal education. Notable autodidacts include Leonardo da Vinci, Rabindranath Tagore and Ernest Hemingway. Continuous learning keeps one competence in the face of the changes in the world. Doing a formal course in a subject is one way to do it. But that could be expensive. With the proliferation of Internet, you can learn whatever you want at virtually no cost. All you would need to do is spare an hour or two a day. This article will get you started.

自学者是指他们在没有受过任何正规教育的情况下自学某一领域或学科的人。这其中比较著名的人包括：达芬奇，泰戈尔及海明威。保持学习也是在面对世界变化时候的一种能力。对一个领域做正式的课程培训是一种方式，但这样往往是昂贵的。现在，随着互联网的普及，你可以在几乎不花钱的情况下进行学习了。而你需要做的只是每天抽出1~2小时的时间。本篇文章将告诉你如何开始。

Part 1

Making a Start

立即开始~

1.Gather the essentials.

Get a notebook, pen and a nice cup of coffee. Find a comfortable place to sit.

1.先做一些必要的准备工作：

准备一个笔记本，一支笔，一杯美味的咖啡。找一个舒适的地方坐下来。

2.Set goals and a deadline.

Ask yourself why you are learning that topic, how much you hope to learn and by when you want to finish. This is an important step as actually putting this information down on paper would make the plan more concrete and push you to keep at it without giving up.

2.规划一个有截止时间的目标

问问你自己为什么要学习这个主题，你希望在时间截止之前能学到多少。这是很关键的一步，因为把这些内容写在纸上能让你保持推进，而不容易放弃。

3.Decide what to learn.

You must decide on what to focus on. Knowledge is vast and it is not possible to learn everything. For instance, if you are planning to learn history, then it would be best to pick a time period or a particular country. This way you can concentrate on certain aspects and not be bogged down by the magnitude of information.

3.明确学习目标

你必须明确的聚焦一个你要学习的领域。要知道知识是广阔的，你也不可能学习一切。举个例子：如果你决定学习历史，最好是选择某一个时段或是某一个指定的国家。这样你就能够集中精力在一个方向，而不会因为各种大量的信息而陷入困境。

4.Identify the resources.

There are many learning resources available like books, Internet, documentaries and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). It is not realistic to learn using all these resources. So, pick one or a combination of the resources for yourself. For example: to learn about the history of India, you could choose 10 books and a MOOC. Or you could learn only with books. Or go through articles and essays available online.

4.识别资源

现在有各种各样的方式提供学习资源，包括书籍，网络，纪录片和在线课堂（如MOOCs），想使用所有的资源来进行学习是不可能的，所以，要使用一个或是一种适合自己的组合方式来学习。比如说：学习关于印度的历史时，我们可以选择10本书并结合慕课（MOOCs）来组合学习。或者你只是通过书籍来学习，又或者去阅读线上的短文和论文来学习。

5.Create a study timetable.

Chart out how many hours a day you can set aside for learning and try and stick to the timetable. You could do weekly assessments and see if the timetable is effective and reevaluate if it isn't.

5.创建一个学习时间表

列出你每天能够拿出来用作学习的时间，绘制成你的时间表并且尽量的坚持它。然后你需要每周做一次评估来看这张表是否有效，当然如果没有效，那你就要进行重新评估。

6.Start learning!

6.开始学吧~！

Part 2

Using the Swarm Strategy

使用主题学习（群体策略）策略

This technique was developed by strategist Ryan Holiday. It is essentially studying a topic by learning about it from different perspectives.

这个方法是由Ryan Holiday发明的。本质上它是通过不同的视角来进行一个主题的学习。

1.Make a list of books on the topic.

You could find suggestions on websites like Goodreads.

1.制作一个主题阅读的书单.

你可以通过像Goodreads这样的网站找到建议的书单。（在中国也可以通过知乎，芝士，罗辑思维等渠道了解到推荐书单）

2.Start with a book on the list.

It doesn't matter which unless the website has provided a recommended order. When you are finished with that, move on to the next book on the list. This is how swarming works. You reading everything on a certain topic from different authors' perspectives.

2.开始阅读那些主题书单的书

除非网站对书单提供了专门的阅读顺序，不然你需要做的，只是一本一本的读完书单上的书。这就是主题阅读的作用（群体策略）：你可以从不同作者的角度出发，去看待同一个主题。

3.Take notes as you read.

3.阅读时，勤做笔记

Note taking allows you to process the information you gathered while reading. This way you can question yourself about how well you understood the topic and also remember pertinent information.

笔记可以让你在阅读的过程中收集你要的信息。这个过程中你可以问自己，对于当前内容你理解了多少，你记住了多少。

Maintain a glossary in your notebook for words and concepts related to the subject you are learning about.

要把主题相关的概念和定义记录在你的笔记中。

4.Look out for documentaries on the topic.

This allows you to see some of the information dramatized and would give you more clarity on what you read or might read in the future.

4.关注该主题相关的纪录片

这可以让你看到一些视觉化的信息，方便你更清晰的了解你正在读的或是将来会读的内容。

5.Create a new reading list.

5.制作一个新的书单

You could decide on what to read next either from  the works cited in a book you finished or it could be some new concept you read about in the book or something that the whole book is based on.

你可以根据书中引用的某部作品来列出下一本书，也可能是根据你读到的某些新概念或是整个主题而来。

Part 3

Keeping an Essay Blog

保持一篇博客随笔

1.Brainstorm.

1.头脑风暴

Note down ideas about the subject. Organise your thoughts and slowly develop a topic.

写下关于这个想法的想法，整理这些想法，慢慢的延伸主题。

2.Write the essay.

2.尝试着写出来（请写出第一个糟糕的版本慢慢修改它~）

3.Create a blog and post your essays there. Invite your friends to read them and comment on it. You could start up a discussion there. The best way to learn something is to share your knowledge with others.

3.创建一个博客（简书~）

发布你的内容吧。转发给你的朋友们，尽量让他们阅读和评论，你需要展开讨论。最好的学习方式就是分享你的知识。

Tips：

Use different coloured pens while taking down notes and highlight important concepts and words. This way the information would pop out when you go through the notebook later.

用不同颜色的笔来做笔记，同时记得把重点的概念和定义标注出来。这样的话，当你下次浏览的时候，这些关键的内容会引起你的注意。

Maintain a binder instead of a notebook. This is more convenient if you want to add more information.

尽量用活页本代替记事本，这样方便你在中间插入相关内容。

Annotate in the book as well and record where the annotation is in your notebook.

在书中注解并把注释记录在你的笔记里。

Maintain a page explaining any symbols or short forms you may have used.

坚持在页面上用形状和短线做标注，你会用到的

Warnings

注意：

Be kind to yourself. Teaching yourself something could be stressful so take regular breaks and sleep well.

记得善待自己，自学的过程中还是很有压力的，所以要注意休息。

校长小结：

系统性的读书是必要的。当你看了三本一个领域的书，但其中多少出现不同观点的时候也就自然而然的形成了自己的思考和判断。这除了让我们更能吃透一个领域外还能增强我们的思维能力。不得不说是一个非常推荐的方式。如果大家有兴趣可以去搜索引擎里搜索“主题阅读”会有大量的内容供大家参考。从此刻开始，向一个合格的自学者进发吧。