本文节选自《经济学人》2019.03.23期Books & arts版块中的一篇关于人工智能在未来对医学的影响的文章
本文共节选四段,建议大家先自主阅读原文,再学习精读笔记。
文末会总结此次学习写作可以使用的词句,读者也可自己总结。会定期将内容进行总结,做成word分享,希望大家也能坚持学习
1
For all the technological wonders of modern medicine, from gene-editing to fetal surgery, health care—with its fax machines and clipboards—is often stubbornly antiquated. This outdated era is slowly drawing to a close as, belatedly, the industry catches up with the artificial-intelligence (AI) revolution. And none too soon, argues Eric Topol, a cardiologist and enthusiast for digital medicine.
technological wonders:科技奇迹
gene-editing:基因编辑
fetal surgery:胎儿外科手术。fetus是胎儿,fetal, fetus去掉us+al, 形容词化。这种变化还有很多,比如nation是国家,national就是国家的。
stubbornly antiquated:【写作推荐】词义精析运用
stubborn:顽固的。加ly作副词,修饰antiquated
antique是名词“古董”,antiquate是“使过时”,过时久了的就成为古董,故又有“使成为古董”的意思,而antiquated是antiquate动词变ed形式的形容词,即“过时的”。
整个字面意思是“顽固地过时”,听起来很别扭,理解一下就是,顽固地要变得过时,不跟上潮流,换句话说,也就是“很难进步,跟上潮流”
另外,antiquated的同义词还有下文中的outdated
era:时代,纪元
draw to a close:即将终结【写作推荐】词组积累
catch up with sth:赶上……【写作推荐】词组积累
none too soon:恰逢其时的,Their action came none too soon他们采取行动的时间恰到好处。【写作推荐】词组积累
an enthusiast for:一个……的热衷者。
这里有一个句式可以学一下:【写作推荐】介绍类句式
For all the……, from A to B, C—with its……—is often …… 这是用来描述一类事或物中,某一个个类特别的特征的句子,比如
For all the video games we have played these years, from Super Mario to Playerunknown’s battlegrounds, League of legends—with its multiple combinations and strategies—is the one that has the most players.
在这些年来我们所玩过的所有游戏中,从超级玛丽到绝地求生,英雄联盟,因其多种多样的英雄和战略组合而拥有最多的玩家。
在所有现代医学的科技奇迹中,从基因编辑,到胎儿外科手术,医疗保健这个被传真机和剪贴板困住的医学科技,通常很难有所进步。不过随着工业技术赶上人工智能革命的进程,这个落后的纪元慢慢地将会结束。而心脏病专家,同时也是数字医学的热衷者Eric Topol认为,其结束的时间也恰到好处。
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Dr Topol’s vision of medicine’s future is optimistic. He thinks AI will be particularly useful forrepetitive, error-prone tasks, such as sifting images, scrutinizing heart traces for abnormalitiesor transcribing doctors’ words into patient records. It will be able to harness masses of data towork out optimal treatments, and improve workflows in hospitals. In short, AI is set to save time, lives and money.
one’s vision of:【写作推荐】词组积累
vision:想象;幻象an idea or a picture in your imagination
词组意为某人心中对……的构想
repetitive:重复乏味的。动词为repeat,名词为repetition
error-prone:易出错的。prone易于……的【写作推荐】词汇积累
sift images:sift,除了“筛”这个意思外,还有to examine sth very carefully,即仔细检查,审查某物。文中即仔细审查X线片等诊断报告图。【写作推荐】词义精析运用
scrutinize heart traces for abnormalities:【写作推荐】词义精析运用
scrutinize和上文中的sift一样,也是仔细审查,查看的意思,故而二者可以相互替换。
异常. normal 是“正常的”,normality是“常态”,前面加上“ab”,即变为反义词
整个词组的意思为“仔细检查心脏的异常活动”
transcribe A into B:抄录,摘录to record thoughts, speech or data in a written form.文中即把医生说话的转录为病人的病历【写作推荐】词义精析运用
harness:名词为马具,即用来放在马头上用于控制固定的东西。因此作动词时,其意为“利用,控制”等相关意义。【写作推荐】词义精析运用
masses of:大量的,许多的。同义词提过很多了,如a mass of, a host of. 【写作推荐】同义替换
work out:拟定出,制定
optimal:最优的
improve workflows:优化工作流程
In short:简而言之
is set to:被设置成,被安排成
Topol医生对未来医学的构想是乐观的,他认为人工智能尤其对于那些重复的,容易出错的任务具有帮助,比如检查病理报告图,严密观察心脏异常活动,或把医生说的话转录为病人的病历。人工智能能利用大量的数据制定出最优的治疗方法,并优化医院里的工作流程。简而言之,人工智能是用来节约时间和金钱,并拯救生命的。
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As health swallows an ever-bigger share of national wealth, greater efficiency is exactly what is needed, at least so far as governments and insurers are concerned. Otherwise, rich societies may fail to cope with the needs of ageing and growing populations. An extra five minutes spent chatting with a patient is costly as well as valuable. The AI revolution will also empowermanagerial bean-counters, who will increasingly be able to calibrate and appraise every aspect of treatment. The autonomy of the doctor will inevitably be undermined, especially, perhaps, in public-health systems which are duty-bound to trim inessential costs.
swallow wealth:swallow除了“吞下”的意思外,还有~ sb/sth (up),用尽,耗尽,花光(钱等)【写作推荐】熟词僻义
a share of national wealth:占国家资产的份额。a share of 占……的份额
efficiency:效率,效能
ever-bigger:越来越大的。ever:不断地,总是
so/as far as sb/sth be concerned:就……而言【写作推荐】词组积累
cope with:对付,处理。同义词还有deal with【写作推荐】同义替换
costly:昂贵的。注意是形容词,不是副词【写作推荐】词汇积累
bean-counter:精打细算的账房先生(会计师)
empower sb to do:授权,给予……某种能力【写作推荐】词组积累
increasingly:越来越多地,日益
calibrate:校正,校准
appraise:评估,估量
undermine:从根基处破坏。可以这样记忆:under是下面, mine是地雷,即把地雷埋在下面,即从根基破坏【写作推荐】词汇积累
duty-bound:责无旁贷的,义不容辞的。bound为形成……的界限,限制,duty是义务,即受到义务限制,责无旁贷的。
trim costs:削减成本, trim本意为“修剪”,有习惯用法为“trim a budget”削减预算【写作推荐】熟词僻义
随着医疗保健的消耗所占的国家资产份额越来越大,我们所需要的正是更高的效率,至少就政府和保险公司而言是如此。否则,富裕社会可能无法应付老龄化和持续增长的人口带来的需求。和病人多聊的五分钟不仅很昂贵,也很宝贵。人工智能革命也会授权管家,使他们越来越能校准和评估治疗的每个方面。而如此,医生的自主性难免受到破坏,尤其在公众卫生体系这种必须削减开支的地方。
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The Hippocratic Oath holds that there is an art to medicine as well as a science, and that “warmth, sympathy and understanding may outweigh the surgeon’s knife or the chemist’s drug”. That is not just a platitude: the patients of sympathetic physicians have been shown to fare better. As Dr Topol says, it is hard to imagine that a robot could really replace a human doctor. Yet as demand for health care outstrips the supply of human carers, the future may involveconsultations on smartphones and measurements monitored by chatbots. The consideratelywarmed stethoscope, placed gently on a patient’s back, may become a relic of the past.
Hippocratic Oath:希波克拉底誓言
hold:持有,怀有(意见或信念)he holds bad views on education. 他对教育持不好的看法。【写作推荐】熟词僻义
A outweighs B:A比B重要。可以代替is more important than,更加简洁【写作推荐】词汇积累
platitude:陈词滥调【写作推荐】词汇积累
fare better:更好的
outstrip:超过,更重要。同outweigh
involve:包含,涉及
stethoscope:听诊器
a relic of:……的遗物。a relic of my childhood我童年时代的遗物【写作推荐】词组积累
considerately:体贴地
希波克拉底誓言说,医学是一门艺术和科学,而“热情,同情以及理解可能比外科医生的手术刀和药剂师的药更重要”。这不只是一句陈词滥调:那些具有同情心的医生治疗的病人被发现效果更好。正如Topol医生所说,很难想象一个机器人可以代替一个人类医生。不过,随着对医疗保健的需求超过护理人员的供给,未来可能会涉及电话咨询和聊天机器的监控评测。被轻柔地放在病人背上,体贴捂热的听诊器,可能会成为过去的遗物。
总结
sift images:sift,除了“筛”这个意思外,还有to examine sth very carefully,即仔细检查,审查某物。文中即仔细审查X线片等诊断报告图。【写作推荐】词义精析运用
scrutinize heart traces for abnormalities:【写作推荐】词义精析运用
scrutinize和上文中的sift一样,也是仔细审查,查看的意思,故而二者可以相互替换。
异常. normal 是“正常的”,normality是“常态”,前面加上“ab”,即变为反义词
整个词组的意思为“仔细检查心脏的异常活动”
transcribe A into B:抄录,摘录to record thoughts, speech or data in a written form.文中即把医生说话的转录为病人的病历【写作推荐】词义精析运用
harness:名词为马具,即用来放在马头上用于控制固定的东西。因此作动词时,其意为“利用,控制”等相关意义。【写作推荐】词义精析运用
stubbornly antiquated:【写作推荐】词义精析运用
stubborn:顽固的。加ly作副词,修饰antiquated
antique是名词“古董”,antiquate是“使过时”,过时久了的就成为古董,故又有“使成为古董”的意思,而antiquated是antiquate动词变ed形式的形容词,即“过时的”。
整个字面意思是“顽固地过时”,听起来很别扭,理解一下就是,顽固地要变得过时,不跟上潮流,换句话说,也就是“很难进步,跟上潮流”
另外,antiquated的同义词还有下文中的outdated
trim costs:削减成本, trim本意为“修剪”,有习惯用法为“trim a budget”削减预算【写作推荐】熟词僻义
hold:持有,怀有(意见或信念)he holds bad views on education. 他对教育持不好的看法。【写作推荐】熟词僻义
swallow wealth:swallow除了“吞下”的意思外,还有~ sb/sth (up),用尽,耗尽,花光(钱等)【写作推荐】熟词僻义
error-prone:易出错的。prone易于……的【写作推荐】词汇积累
costly:昂贵的。注意是形容词,不是副词【写作推荐】词汇积累
undermine:从根基处破坏。可以这样记忆:under是下面, mine是地雷,即把地雷埋在下面,即从根基破坏【写作推荐】词汇积累
A outweighs B:A比B重要。可以代替is more important than,更加简洁【写作推荐】词汇积累outstrip:超过,更重要。同outweigh
platitude:陈词滥调【写作推荐】词汇积累
masses of:大量的,许多的。同义词提过很多了,如a mass of, a host of. 【写作推荐】同义替换
cope with:对付,处理。同义词还有deal with【写作推荐】同义替换
draw to a close:即将终结【写作推荐】词组积累
catch up with sth:赶上……【写作推荐】词组积累
none too soon:恰逢其时的,Their action came none too soon他们采取行动的时间恰到好处。【写作推荐】词组积累
one’s vision of:【写作推荐】词组积累
vision:想象;幻象an idea or a picture in your imagination
词组意为某人心中对……的构想
so/as far as sb/sth be concerned:就……而言【写作推荐】词组积累
empower sb to do:授权,给予……某种能力【写作推荐】词组积累
For all the……, from A to B, C—with its……—is often …… 这是用来描述一类事或物中,某一个个类特别的特征的句子,比如
For all the video games we have played these years, from Super Mario to Playerunknown’s battlegrounds, League of legends—with its multiple combinations and strategies—is the one that has the most players.
在这些年来我们所玩过的所有游戏中,从超级玛丽到绝地求生,英雄联盟,因其多种多样的英雄和战略组合而拥有最多的玩家。【写作推荐】介绍类句式
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