《奥德赛》讲述了特洛伊战争结束后,希腊战神Odysseus在海上漂流多年未归,家里遭到众多求婚者的骚扰,儿子Telemachus外出打听父亲的下落。Odysseus经历了波折多变的海上冒险经历,终于回到了家乡,杀死了求婚者,开始美好生活。这是一部英雄的颂歌,故事前面5个章节,我们看到了小白少年Telemachus和英雄Odysseus两个人物形象,相比之下,两者在学识、智谋、勇气等方面有着巨大的差距。
Odysseus犹如振翅翱翔的雄鹰,囿于一隅多年,心志坚定如初,无论是顺境还是逆境,他总是心怀美好,充满理智的谈吐为他赢得了天神和凡人的频频眷顾。Telemachus有如刚出鸟巢的小雏鸟,是那么的胆怯羞涩,正如他自己对Athena所袒露的,“How can I greet him, Mentor, even approach the king? I’m hardlyadept at subtle conversation. Someone my age might feel shy, what’s more,interrogating an older man.”
很多时候,一个人的言谈也是学识、勇气、谋略的体现,就让我们来看看Telemachus和Odysseus各自的表现吧。
第一种情况:身处困境,急需陌生人的帮助,如何开口?
请求陌生人帮助自己的时候,Odysseus选择了最适当的方式、最愉悦的气氛下委婉的提出自己的请求,显得那么的轻松愉快。相比之下,Telemachus的请求方式比较直接,单刀直入,把话题变得那么的严肃和沉重。
第6章节,Odysseus在海上漂了20天,身体肿胀又散发恶臭,急需衣服食物。当他遇到陌生人Nausicaa公主,恨不得直接扑上去抢过食物和衣服,但那时理智告诉他不可以,甚至不合适用直接的抱双膝(抱膝盖是希腊习俗,当对方抱住对方膝盖有所请求时,根据习俗对方不能拒绝)的请求方式,因为Odysseus明白自己现在的形象可怕,会吓到对面的姑娘。无奈,Odysseus远远的站着,气定神闲的赞美起公主Nausicaa的美丽和自己最诚挚的祝福,在气氛变得愉快之后,再委婉的提出自己的请求。
Here I am at your mercy, princess— are you a goddess or a mortal? If one of the gods who rule the skies up there, you’re Artemis to the life, the daughter of mighty Zeus—I see her now—just look at your build, your bearing, your litheflowing grace…But if you’re one of the mortals living here on earth, three times blest are your father, your queenly mother, three times over your brothers too.Compassion—princess, please! You, after all that I have suffered, you are thefirst I’ve come to. I know no one else,none in your city, no one in your land. Show me the way to town, give me a ragfor cover, just some cloth, some wrapper you carried with you here.
其实,Odysseus内心想表达的就两句:给我食物和衣服,带我进城。但是,他说了这么多铺垫的话,强忍着身体上的痛苦,为了不唐突到对面的Nausicaa,多么可敬的人啊。
再来看看Telemachus,在第3、4章节中,Telemachus拜访了父亲故交Nestor和Menelaus,询问父亲的下落。在皮洛斯城拜访King Nestor的时候,Telemachus开场只用了“Nestor, son of Neleus,Achaea’s pride and glory”作为问候语,之后便是长篇叙说父亲至今下落不明,可否念及与他父亲的情分,如实告知自己知道的消息。如此急切的请求方式让人不免不快:难道我会故意隐瞒消息吗?我堂堂一国之主是那样的人吗?
在Sparta拜访Menelaus的时候也是如此,开门见山、不留情面的问话方式,使得气氛比较严肃,好似Telemachus在倒苦水,同时也缺乏对长者的尊重。而且,年幼的Telemachus初到Menelaus的宫殿的时候,便被这奢华给震撼了,与同伴耳语,如此谈论也显露了Telemachus的不严谨。
Look, Pisistratus—joy of my heart, myfriend— the sheen of bronze, the blaze of gold and amber, silver, ivory too,through all this echoing mansion! Surely Zeus’s court on Olympus must be justlike this, the boundless glory of all this wealth inside! My eyes dazzle … I amstruck with wonder.
Telemachus出航打探父亲下落第二种情况:对方的善意不被自己认可的时候,如何作答?
第5章节,Odysseus临行前,遭遇Calypso情意浓浓又略有不甘的询问:
Much as you long to see your wife, the one you pine for all your days … and yet I just might claim to be nothing less than she, neither in face norfigure. Hardly right, is it, for mortal woman to rival immortal goddess? How, in build? in beauty?
在感情方面,女人总是那么的敏感,又喜欢吃醋,即便是天神的Calypso,也疑惑自己在容貌,身段和皮肤方面比不上Odysseus家里的凡人妻子,所以Odysseus日日思念着家乡?这个问题无疑是“大老婆和小老婆同时落水,你救哪一个?” 明智的Odysseus自然两个人都不能伤害,他将自己浓烈的思乡说成想念故乡的土地,不提妻子Penelope,安慰了Calypso那颗受伤的心,是那么的善解人意。
Ah great goddess, don’t be angry with me,please. All that you say is true, how well I know. Look at my wise Penelope.She falls far short of you, your beauty, stature. She is mortal after all andyou, you never age or die … Nevertheless I long—I pine, all my days— to travel homeand see the dawn of my return.
再看看Telemachus,第3章节Nestor劝解Telemachus,有一天你的父亲Odysseus会回来,Athena也一直帮助着Odysseus。但是Telemachus不认可这些话,就直接反击:
“Never, your majesty, that will never cometo pass, I know. What you say dumbfounds me, staggers imagination! Hope, hopeas I will, that day will never dawn … not even if the gods should will it so.”
这让乔装帮助Telemachus的Athena非常的难堪和愤怒:
Telemachus! What’s this nonsense slipping through your teeth? It’slight work for a willing god to save a mortal even half the world away.
但是无知无畏的Telemachus不以为然,继续表示对父亲Odysseus回归的不相信:distraught as we are forhim, let’s speak of this no more. My father’s return? It’s inconceivable now.Long ago the undying gods have sealed his death, his black doom.
难怪,结束对Nestor的拜访,Athena便借口有事离开了,可能就是被Telemachus气跑的。
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