上两篇文章连续讲了用五种对简单句进行扩大的方法，本文继续讲述余下的五种方式。
（六）用副词短语
当心地写。Write it with care.
天黑了，我们才回家。We came home after dark.
他现在住在本村。He lives in this village at present.
亲切地对待他。Treat him with kindness. (＝ kindly)
我出外散步去了。I went out for a walk.
他们匆匆回家了。They went home in a hurry.
我们努力用功以求考取。We work hard to pass the examination.
这本书太难懂。This book is too difficult to understand.
（七）用介词短语
介词短语有两种形式，都可以用来翻译。一种是介词短语（preposition phrase），另一种是介词的短语（prepositional phrase）。介词短语是一个名词或形容词前后都有介词而构成的短语，如by means of, on account of, at the mercy of, for the purpose of, in return for, in respect to, in love with等。而介词的短语，是介词加上名词，其中的名词是那个介词的宾语。如of diligence, in my hand, with pleasure等等。它可以用来修饰名词，有时也可以修饰动词。举例如下所示：
(a) 用介词短语：
他因为生病，所以没有来。He did not come on account of illness.
他们远赴法国。They went as far as France.
杰克由于不屈不挠的精神而获得成功。Jack succeeded by dint of perseverance.
思想由言语表达。Thoughts are expressed by means of words.
旅人以驴代马。Thoughts are expressed by means of words.
他和她结婚是看上了她的财产。Thoughts are expressed by means of words.
我喜欢小黑（狗名），是因为它的头脑灵敏。I love Blackie for the sake of his sense.
他想要建房子，所以买了一块地皮。He has bought a piece of land with a view to building a house.
(b) 用介词的短语：
一个品行优良的人受人尊敬。A man of good character is to be respected.
注：of + 抽象名词（abstract noun）＝ 形容词
of use ＝ useful
of diligence ＝ diligent
of freedom ＝ free
of security ＝ secure
of importance ＝ important
of wisdom ＝ wise
of kindness ＝ kind
of beauty ＝ beautiful
苹果放在篮子里。The apples are in the basket.
国王死后，政府改变了很多。After the king’s death, many changed were made in the government.
玛丽对他那样不客气使我感到羞辱。I am mortified by Mary’s treating him so unkindly.
那个大建筑工程已经开工五年了。The great structure has been under construction about five years.
他的语言教授法是最新式的。He is very up to date in his methods of language teaching.
我们吃点鹿肉换个口味。Let us have venison for a change.
一个健康的人一般都是乐天的。A healthy man, as a general rule, is optimistic.
（八）用名词短语
凡是作名词用的短语，便是名词短语。例如：
他是一个诚实的人。He is an honest man.
狮子为万兽之王。The lion is the king of beasts.
我喜欢打网球。I like to play tennis.
我不知道要怎么办。I did not know what to do.
教育部批准了他出国深造。The Ministry of Education has ratified his going abroad for higher studies.
母亲很高兴，他这样快回家。Mother rejoiced at his coming home so soon.
（九）用代词短语
夫妻应当互助。Husband and wife should help each other.
人们喜欢互殴。People like to fight one another.
（十）用分词短语
(a) 用现在分词的：
在路上走着，我遇到了一个老朋友。Walking along the street, I met an old friend.
因为疲倦了，他躺下睡一会儿。Being tired, he lay down to sleep.
用脚尖行走，我蹑足走到了他的背后。Walking on tiptoe, I approached him behind.
说完这个，他递了一封信给我。Saying this, he handed a letter to me.
向右转弯，你就可以看到你要找的屋子。Turning to the right, you will find the house you are looking for.
他说英语，时常说错。He often makes mistakes when speaking English.
情侣的时间是很长的，虽然感觉很短。For lovers’hours are long, though seeming short.
(b) 用过去分词的：
划船划得疲倦了，我一定要休息一下。Fatigued with rowing, I must have a rest.
极其细心建筑出来的这些庙宇，是不容许加以亵渎的。Built with infinite care, the temples are not allowed to desecrate.
英语的句型以前发布的文章链接：
（未完待续）
（注：摘自钱歌川的《翻译的技巧》）
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