在前面的3篇文章中，我们系统介绍了如何用英语的简单句进行翻译。在这篇文章中，我们将介绍如何用并列句进行翻译。
并列句（Compound Sentence），是由两个或两个以上的独立子句（Independent Clause）构成的句子。采用这种句型来翻译，其实要比采用简单句更加简单。但是要注意的一点是：子句与子句之间要用对等连词（Coordinate Conjunction）来结合成为并列句。
对等连词可分为以下四种：
（一） 累积连词（Cumulative Conjunction）：and, both…and, not only…but also, no less than, as well as, furthermore, besides, moreover等。
（二） 选择连词（Alternative Conjunction）：or, either…or, nor, neither…nor, otherwise, or else等。
（三） 反意连词（Adversative Conjunction）：but, yet, while, nevertheless, still, however, whereas, only, notwithstanding等。
（四） 推论连词（Illative Conjunction）：for, therefore, so, thus, hence, wherefore, consequently, accordingly等。
在以上的对等连词中，有的并不是真正的连词，而是接续副词（Conjunctive Adverb），又称关系副词（Relative Adverb），拿来用作对等连词。例如：
那里没有一个人，所以我也就走了。There was no one there, so I went away.
我们在那里呆了一个小时就回家了。We stayed there an hour; then we went home.
你一旦露出任何恐惧的迹象，他就会攻击你。Once you show any sign of fear, he will attack you.
她是留学美国的，所以她英语说得好。She is an American returned student, therefore she speaks good English.
这书一脱稿，我马上和出版社订好了出版合约。Immediately this was done, I completed an arrangement with my publishers.
我很想去，不过我却不愿冒着雨去。I want to go very much; still I do not care to go through the rain.
他是一个聪明人，而仍不免常犯错误。He is a wise man, nevertheless (或none the less或and yet) he often makes mistakes.
我很愿意做，只是我太忙了。I would do it with pleasure, (only ＝ except that) I am too busy.
我正要说话，铃就响了。I was just going to speak, when the bell rang.
除了上文所述的对等连词以外，还有原来是不对等的连词，如as, until, while, when等。它们有时也可作对等连词用，例如：
他是一个美国人，我听他说话就知道。He is an American, as I know from his accent.
在此他又犯了一般以貌取人的通病，那过后就可以证明的。Here he fell into the common error of judging by appearances, as will be proved hereafter.
那个婴孩变得越来越虚弱，终于不久就死了。The little baby grew more and more sickly, until presently it died.
一条轮船正用全速在航行，突然一下子驶入浅水而触礁了。A steamer was going along at full speed, when it suddenly got into shallow water and ran aground.
他正想要用脚后跟践碎那株小草，而一个新的念头使他停下来了。He was about to crush the plant with his heel, when a new thought made him stop.
某种习惯一直在形成而牢固起来，终至变得牢不可破。All the while a certain habit is forming and hardening, until at last we find ourselves helpless.
有的人富，有的人穷。Some men are rich, while (＝whereas) others are poor.
当我在纽约的时候，我见过他好几次。I saw him several times while I was in New York.
我弟弟发了财，而我还依旧穷困。I have remained poor, while my brother has made a fortune.
那帽子的颜色我虽然很喜欢，但样子我不爱。While (＝Though) I like the colour of the hat, I do not like its shape.
上面的最后两个例子是由其前一例的基本用法逐渐引申出来的。
英语的句型以前发布的文章链接：
（未完待续）
（注：摘自钱歌川的《翻译的技巧》）
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