这是新概念英语第二册第一课:
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.
'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'
这篇课文是由101个单词组成的,是不是把这101个单词放在一起就成了文章了呢?显然不是。如果真的这么简单,学英语就等于背单词了。
观察这篇小文章,你会发现:
1. 这里面的很多单词都不是原形,比如went、had、sitting、actors等
2. 每个单词的排列也不是随意的,比如loudly和angrily都在句末。
为什么单词有这些形式的变化?为什么以这样的顺序排列?这显然是遵循了一定的语言规则,这些规则就是语法。
语法规定了单词在文中只能是这种形式,而且单词只能以这种顺序排列构成句子,只有这种形式、这种顺序才是对的,否则就是错的,无论是英国的英语,美国的英语还是澳大利亚的英语,都是这样。
事实就是如此,在与英国远隔万里的美洲和澳洲,英语在使用了几百年之后仍然基本上保持了原样,是不是很神奇?这是因为,美国英语,澳大利亚英语,以及其他各地的英语,有着与英国英语共同的语法体系。
语法不同于词汇和语音的地方在于,后面二者会随着地域与时间变化,而语法呢?历数百年,隔几万里,依然如故。正是语法的这种稳定性,保持了世界各地的英语大致相同。
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